Bone cells influence the degradation interface of pure Mg and WE43 materials: Insights from multimodal in vitro analysis
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In this study, the interaction of pure Mg and WE43 alloy under the presence of osteoblast (OB) and osteoclast (OC) cells and their influence on the degradation of materials have been deeply analyzed. Since OB and OC interaction has an important role in bone remodeling, we examined the surface morphology and dynamic changes in the chemical composition and thickness of the corrosion layers formed on pure Mg and WE43 alloy by direct monoculture and coculture of pre-differentiated OB and OC cells in vitro. Electrochemical techniques examined the corrosion performance. The corrosion products were characterized using a combination of the focused ion beam (FIB), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Cell viability and morphology were assessed by fluorescent microscopy and SEM. Our findings demonstrate cell spread and attachment variations, which differ depending on the Mg substrates. It was clearly shown that cell culture groups delayed degradation processes with the lowest corrosion rate observed in the presence of OBOC coculture for the WE43 substrate. Ca-P enrichment was observed in the outer-middle region of the corrosion layer but only after 7 days of OBOC coculture on WE43 and after 14 days on the pure Mg specimens. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Magnesium metallic materials that can degrade over time provide distinct opportunities for orthopedic application. However, there is still a lack, especially in elucidating cell-material interface characterization. This study investigated the influence of osteoblast-osteoclast coculture in direct Mg-material contact. Our findings demonstrated that pre-differentiated osteoblasts and osteoclasts cocultured on Mg substrates influenced the chemistry of the corrosion layers. The cell spread and attachment were Mg substrate-dependent. The findings of coculturing bone cells directly on Mg materials within an in vitro model provide an effective approach for studying the dynamic degradation processes of Mg alloys while also elucidating cell behavior and their potential contribution to the degradation of these alloys.
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The challenge of rapid Mg alloy degradation is particularly acute in osteoporotic fractures, where slow healing necessitates prolonged mechanical support and elevated ROS and acidic pH may exacerbate matrix corrosion.
“This challenge is particularly acute in the treatment of osteoporotic fractures, where the slow healing process necessitates prolonged mechanical support from the implant, while the elevated levels of ROS and acidic pH in the local microenvironment may exacerbate matrix corrosion40,41.”
From Intelligence-responsive wettability switch coating on magnesium implants for treating osteoporotic fracture (2026) · cites this paper as [40]
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Effects of grain size and second phase on the corrosion behavior of degradable magnesium alloys
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- Authors
- Martinez, D. C., Borkam-Schuster, A., Helmholz, H., Dobkowska, A., Luthringer-Feyerabend, B., Płociński, T., Willumeit-Römer, R., & Święszkowski, W.
- Affiliations
- Warsaw University of Technology (PL)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon (DE)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Acta Biomaterialia
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-10
- Volume
- 187
- Pages
- 471-490
- ISSN
- 1742-7061 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4401689583
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 142
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 9
- FWCI
- 1.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Acta Biomaterialia (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Titanium Alloys Microstructure and Properties
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
- Keywords
- magnesium alloys, WE43 magnesium alloy, pure magnesium, biodegradation, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, corrosion layer, cell-material interface, orthopedic implants, corrosion rate
- MeSH terms
- Alloys, Animals, Cell Survival, Corrosion, Magnesium, Materials Testing, Osteoblasts, Osteoclasts, Coculture Techniques, Mice
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