The relationship between electronic goal reminders and subsequent drug use and treatment initiation in a criminal justice setting
Open accessAbstract
Introduction Opportunities to influence behavior through the use of electronic reminders has not been examined in a criminal justice population. The purpose of this study was to assess probationer preferences for short-term goals from a web-based program and evaluate the role of voluntary electronic reminders (e.g., text messaging, email) in achieving early treatment and probation tasks. Methods We used data from drug-involved offenders (n=76) participating in a clinical trial of a 2-session motivational computer program. As part of the program, participants could choose to receive text or email reminders about their probation and treatment goals for the next month. Poisson regression models were utilized to evaluate goal and reminder selection in relation to the days of substance use and treatment attendance at two-month follow-up. Results The most common goals were related to probation and treatment tasks, relationships, and cognitive reappraisals. Forty-five percent of probationers elected to receive electronic goal reminders at Session 1 with a slight increase at Session two (49%). Probationers who opted to receive electronic goal reminders at Session one selected significantly more goals on average (M=4.4, SD=2.1) than probationers who did not want reminders (M=3.4, SD=1.8), (t=2.41, p=.019). Reminder selection and total number of goals selected predicted days of substance use and treatment attendance at a two-month follow-up. Probationers who opted not to receive electronic reminders and those who only chose to receive reminders at one visit had more days of substance use compared to those who chose to receive reminders at both visits, 1.66 and 2.31 times respectively. Probationers who chose not to receive electronic reminders attended 56% fewer days of treatment compared to those who chose to receive reminders at both visits. Conclusions People's choice of short-term goals and reminders can provide advance notification of the likelihood of substance use and treatment initiation. Probation systems might use such information to triage at-risk probationers to a higher level of service, before problems have emerged.
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None of the features tested by Spohr et al. [52] significantly moderated treatment effects on smoking cessation.
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From Mobile phone-based interventions for mental health: A systematic meta-review of 14 meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (2022) · cites this paper as [52]
Spohr et al. [52] tested nine moderators as predictors of smoking cessation in text message-based interventions.
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From Mobile phone-based interventions for mental health: A systematic meta-review of 14 meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (2022) · cites this paper as [52]
Valid tests of moderators that might explain variability within a specific meta-analysis were rare and the one meta-analysis testing moderators within an eligible effect size found no significant predictors [52].
“Unfortunately, valid tests of moderators that might explain variability within a specific meta-analysis were rare and the one meta-analysis testing moderators within an eligible effect size found no significant predictors [52].”
From Mobile phone-based interventions for mental health: A systematic meta-review of 14 meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (2022) · cites this paper as [52]
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- Authors
- Spohr, S. A., Taxman, F. S., & Walters, S. T.
- Affiliations
- University of North Texas Health Science Center (US)
- George Mason University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Spohr, Stephanie A.
- Venue
- Addictive Behaviors
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-12
- Volume
- 51
- Pages
- 51-56
- ISSN
- 0306-4603 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4558252
- OpenAlex
- W861647597
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 1.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01 DA029010-01)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Keywords
- text messaging, email reminders, drug-involved offenders, probationers, substance use, treatment initiation, short-term goals, criminal justice
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Criminal Law, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Goals, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Substance-Related Disorders, Electronic Mail, Cell Phone, Young Adult, Criminals, Text Messaging
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