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Cited by 125Peatlands and Wetlands EcologyCoastal wetland ecosystem dynamicsSoil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics

Assessing the carbon and climate benefit of restoring degraded agricultural peat soils to managed wetlands

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Hemes, Kyle S., Chamberlain, Samuel D., Eichelmann, Elke, Anthony, Tyler, Valach, Amy, Kasak, Kuno, Szutu, Daphne, Verfaillie, Joe +2 more·2019·Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
DOI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.01.017
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Abstract

Restoring degraded peat soils presents an attractive, but largely untested, climate change mitigation approach. Drained peat soils used for agriculture can be large greenhouse gas sources. By restoring subsided peat soils to managed, impounded wetlands, significant agricultural emissions are avoided, and soil carbon can be sequestered and protected. Here, we synthesize 36 site-years of continuous carbon dioxide and methane flux data from a mesonetwork of eddy covariance towers in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in California, USA to compute carbon and greenhouse gas budgets for drained agricultural land uses and compare these to restored deltaic wetlands. We found that restored wetlands effectively sequestered carbon and halted soil carbon loss associated with drained agricultural land uses. Depending on the age and disturbance regime of the restored wetland, many land use conversions from agriculture to restored wetland resulted in emission reductions over a 100-year timescale. With a simple model of radiative forcing and atmospheric lifetimes, we showed that restored wetlands do not begin to accrue greenhouse gas benefits until nearly a half century, and become net sinks from the atmosphere after a century. Due to substantial interannual variability and uncertainty about the multi-decadal successional trajectory of managed, restored wetlands, ongoing ecosystem flux measurements are critical for understanding the long-term impacts of wetland restoration for climate change mitigation.

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  • Restoring already degraded wetlands can sequester carbon on a century scale, albeit often relatively slowly and possibly at the expense of increased CH4 emissions.

    “Restoring already degraded wetlands can sequester carbon on a century scale, albeit at an often relatively slow pace and possibly at the expense of increased CH 4 emissions (53), but with large potential to improve conditions for biodiversity (54).”

    From Restoring Degraded Lands (2021) · cites this paper as [53]

    Section 3.5 reports that restored wetlands sequestered carbon and that methane emissions delayed net greenhouse-gas benefits for at least half a century, with the wetlands becoming net atmospheric sinks after a century or more. It does not establish that carbon sequestration itself proceeds slowly; the century-scale delay concerns climate benefit after the methane burden, and the paper describes the restored wetlands as sizeable carbon sinks. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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  77. Mayberry wetland (US-Myb; 10.17190/AMF/1246139) Sherman Island. 38.050 N, 121.765 W 2011-2017 35.3 / 38.5 121 ha wetland restored in 2010 5.1 / 3.4 · DOI
  78. West Pond wetland (US- Tw1; 10.17190/AMF/1246147) Twitchell Island. 38.107 N, - 121.647 W 2013-2017 62.2 / 62.1 3 ha wetland restored in 1997 4.5 / 2.6 · DOI
  79. Twitchell Rice (US-Twt; 10.17190/AMF/1246140) Twitchell Island. 38.109 N, - 121.653 W 2010-2016 49.1 / 50.0 Paddy rice (Oryza sativa) 3.18 / 0.9 · DOI
  80. Sherman Pasture (US-Snd; 10.17190/AMF/1246094) Sherman Island. 38.037 N, - 121.754 W 2010-2014 36.5 / 51.8 Restored to Sherman wetland 2015- 2017 3.2 / 0.4 · DOI
  81. Twitchell Corn (US-Tw2; 10.17190/AMF/1246148) Twitchell Island. 38.105 N, - 121.643 W May 2012 -May 2013 44.9 / n/a Corn (Zea mays), restored to wetland late 2013 5.15 / 2.76 · DOI
  82. Bouldin Corn (US-Bi2; 10.17190/AMF/1419513) Bouldin Island. 38.109 N, - 121.535 W April 2017 - April 2018 46.2 / 57.1 Corn (Zea mays) 5.1 / 2.6 · DOI
  83. Twitchell Alfalfa (US-Tw3; 10.17190/AMF/1246149) Twitchell Island. 38.115 N, - 121.647 W 2014-2017 42.9 / n/a 30 ha Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) since 2010 2.9 / 0.7 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

  • Restoring Degraded Lands

    Arneth, A., Olsson, L., Cowie, A., Erb, K.-H., Hurlbert, M., Kurz, W. A., Mirzabaev, A., & Rounsevell, M. D. A. (2021) · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-012320-054809 · Cited by 106 · see citing works

    “Restoring already degradedwetlands can sequester carbon on a century scale, albeit at an often relatively slow pace and possibly at the expense of increased CH4 emissions (53), but with large potential to improve conditions for biodiversity (54).”
    Background

Authors
Hemes, K. S., Chamberlain, S. D., Eichelmann, E., Anthony, T., Valach, A., Kasak, K., Szutu, D., Verfaillie, J., Silver, W. L., & Baldocchi, D. D.
Affiliations
  • University of California, Berkeley (US)
  • University of Tartu (EE)
Corresponding author
Hemes, Kyle S.
ORCID
Venue
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2019-04
Volume
268
Pages
202-214
ISSN
0168-1923 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.01.017
OpenAlex
W2912155138
Cited by
125
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 4
FWCI
9.37
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (acceptedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • NOAA Institutional Repository (submittedVersion, public-domain)
Funders
  • California Department of Water Resources
  • California Department of Fish and Wildlife
  • United States Department of Agriculture (#2011-67003-30371)
  • U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science (#7079856)
  • California Sea Grant Delta Science Fellowship
  • Delta Stewardship Council Delta Science Program (2271)
  • California Sea Grant College Program Project R/SF-70
  • Baltic-American Freedom Foundation Research Scholar program
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Keywords
drained agricultural land, managed wetlands, greenhouse gas emissions, CO2 flux, methane flux, soil carbon sequestration, climate change mitigation, radiative forcing, atmospheric lifetime, wetland succession, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, eddy covariance

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