Cited by 692Genetic Associations and EpidemiologyMeta-analysis and systematic reviewsBioinformatics and Genomic Networks

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Random-Effects Model Aimed at Discovering Associations in Meta-Analysis of Genome-wide Association Studies

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Han, Buhm, Eskin, Eleazar·2011·The American Journal of Human Genetics

DOI 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.04.014PMC PMC3146723

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Abstract

Meta-analysis is an increasingly popular tool for combining multiple different genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in a single aggregate analysis in order to identify associations with very small effect sizes. Because the data of a meta-analysis can be heterogeneous, referring to the differences in effect sizes between the collected studies, what is often done in the literature is to apply both the fixed-effects model (FE) under an assumption of the same effect size between studies and the random-effects model (RE) under an assumption of varying effect size between studies. However, surprisingly, RE gives less significant p values than FE at variants that actually show varying effect sizes between studies. This is ironic because RE is designed specifically for the case in which there is heterogeneity. As a result, usually, RE does not discover any associations that FE did not discover. In this paper, we show that the underlying reason for this phenomenon is that RE implicitly assumes a markedly conservative null-hypothesis model, and we present a new random-effects model that relaxes the conservative assumption. Unlike the traditional RE, the new method is shown to achieve higher statistical power than FE when there is heterogeneity, indicating that the new method has practical utility for discovering associations in the meta-analysis of GWASs.

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Additional file 3 of Mitochondrial DNA copy number can influence mortality and cardiovascular disease via methylation of nuclear DNA CpGs
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Additional file 7 of Mitochondrial DNA copy number can influence mortality and cardiovascular disease via methylation of nuclear DNA CpGs
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Additional file 22 of The eQTL colocalization and transcriptome-wide association study identify potentially causal genes responsible for economic traits in Simmental beef cattle
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Additional file 8 of The eQTL colocalization and transcriptome-wide association study identify potentially causal genes responsible for economic traits in Simmental beef cattle
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Additional file 3 of The eQTL colocalization and transcriptome-wide association study identify potentially causal genes responsible for economic traits in Simmental beef cattle
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Additional file 16 of The eQTL colocalization and transcriptome-wide association study identify potentially causal genes responsible for economic traits in Simmental beef cattle
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Additional file 18 of The eQTL colocalization and transcriptome-wide association study identify potentially causal genes responsible for economic traits in Simmental beef cattle
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Additional file 10 of The eQTL colocalization and transcriptome-wide association study identify potentially causal genes responsible for economic traits in Simmental beef cattle
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Additional file 20 of The eQTL colocalization and transcriptome-wide association study identify potentially causal genes responsible for economic traits in Simmental beef cattle
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Additional file 11 of The eQTL colocalization and transcriptome-wide association study identify potentially causal genes responsible for economic traits in Simmental beef cattle
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Additional file 2 of The eQTL colocalization and transcriptome-wide association study identify potentially causal genes responsible for economic traits in Simmental beef cattle
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Additional file 27 of The eQTL colocalization and transcriptome-wide association study identify potentially causal genes responsible for economic traits in Simmental beef cattle
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Additional file 13 of The eQTL colocalization and transcriptome-wide association study identify potentially causal genes responsible for economic traits in Simmental beef cattle
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Additional file 24 of The eQTL colocalization and transcriptome-wide association study identify potentially causal genes responsible for economic traits in Simmental beef cattle
Cai, W., Zhang, Y., Chang, T., Wang, Z., Zhu, B., Chen, Y., Gao, X., Xu, L., Zhang, L., Gao, H., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26588472
Additional file 14 of The eQTL colocalization and transcriptome-wide association study identify potentially causal genes responsible for economic traits in Simmental beef cattle
Cai, W., Zhang, Y., Chang, T., Wang, Z., Zhu, B., Chen, Y., Gao, X., Xu, L., Zhang, L., Gao, H., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26588442
Additional file 21 of The eQTL colocalization and transcriptome-wide association study identify potentially causal genes responsible for economic traits in Simmental beef cattle
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Additional file 2 of Mitochondrial DNA copy number can influence mortality and cardiovascular disease via methylation of nuclear DNA CpGs
Castellani, C. A., Longchamps, R. J., Sumpter, J. A., Newcomb, C., Lane, J., Grove, M. L., Bressler, J., Brody, J. A., Floyd, J. S., Bartz, T. M., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13018020
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Additional file 12 of The eQTL colocalization and transcriptome-wide association study identify potentially causal genes responsible for economic traits in Simmental beef cattle
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Additional file 1 of The eQTL colocalization and transcriptome-wide association study identify potentially causal genes responsible for economic traits in Simmental beef cattle
Cai, W., Zhang, Y., Chang, T., Wang, Z., Zhu, B., Chen, Y., Gao, X., Xu, L., Zhang, L., Gao, H., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26588403
Additional file 19 of The eQTL colocalization and transcriptome-wide association study identify potentially causal genes responsible for economic traits in Simmental beef cattle
Cai, W., Zhang, Y., Chang, T., Wang, Z., Zhu, B., Chen, Y., Gao, X., Xu, L., Zhang, L., Gao, H., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26588457
Additional file 15 of The eQTL colocalization and transcriptome-wide association study identify potentially causal genes responsible for economic traits in Simmental beef cattle
Cai, W., Zhang, Y., Chang, T., Wang, Z., Zhu, B., Chen, Y., Gao, X., Xu, L., Zhang, L., Gao, H., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26588445
Additional file 4 of Novel functional insights into ischemic stroke biology provided by the first genome-wide association study of stroke in indigenous Africans
Akinyemi, R. O., Tiwari, H. K., Srinivasasainagendra, V., Akpa, O., Sarfo, F. S., Akpalu, A., Wahab, K., Obiako, R., Komolafe, M., Owolabi, L. F., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26677142
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Additional file 5 of The eQTL colocalization and transcriptome-wide association study identify potentially causal genes responsible for economic traits in Simmental beef cattle
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Additional file 1 of Mitochondrial DNA copy number can influence mortality and cardiovascular disease via methylation of nuclear DNA CpGs
Castellani, C. A., Longchamps, R. J., Sumpter, J. A., Newcomb, C. E., Lane, J., Grove, M. L., Bressler, J., Brody, J. A., Floyd, J. S., Bartz, T. M., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13018017
Additional file 3 of Novel functional insights into ischemic stroke biology provided by the first genome-wide association study of stroke in indigenous Africans
Akinyemi, R. O., Tiwari, H. K., Srinivasasainagendra, V., Akpa, O., Sarfo, F. S., Akpalu, A., Wahab, K., Obiako, R., Komolafe, M., Owolabi, L. F., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26677139
Additional file 17 of The eQTL colocalization and transcriptome-wide association study identify potentially causal genes responsible for economic traits in Simmental beef cattle
Cai, W., Zhang, Y., Chang, T., Wang, Z., Zhu, B., Chen, Y., Gao, X., Xu, L., Zhang, L., Gao, H., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26588451
Additional file 4 of The eQTL colocalization and transcriptome-wide association study identify potentially causal genes responsible for economic traits in Simmental beef cattle
Cai, W., Zhang, Y., Chang, T., Wang, Z., Zhu, B., Chen, Y., Gao, X., Xu, L., Zhang, L., Gao, H., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26588412
Additional file 2 of Novel functional insights into ischemic stroke biology provided by the first genome-wide association study of stroke in indigenous Africans
Akinyemi, R. O., Tiwari, H. K., Srinivasasainagendra, V., Akpa, O., Sarfo, F. S., Akpalu, A., Wahab, K., Obiako, R., Komolafe, M., Owolabi, L. F., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26677136
Additional file 7 of The eQTL colocalization and transcriptome-wide association study identify potentially causal genes responsible for economic traits in Simmental beef cattle
Cai, W., Zhang, Y., Chang, T., Wang, Z., Zhu, B., Chen, Y., Gao, X., Xu, L., Zhang, L., Gao, H., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26588421
Additional file 6 of The eQTL colocalization and transcriptome-wide association study identify potentially causal genes responsible for economic traits in Simmental beef cattle
Cai, W., Zhang, Y., Chang, T., Wang, Z., Zhu, B., Chen, Y., Gao, X., Xu, L., Zhang, L., Gao, H., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26588418
Additional file 26 of The eQTL colocalization and transcriptome-wide association study identify potentially causal genes responsible for economic traits in Simmental beef cattle
Cai, W., Zhang, Y., Chang, T., Wang, Z., Zhu, B., Chen, Y., Gao, X., Xu, L., Zhang, L., Gao, H., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26588478
Additional file 9 of The eQTL colocalization and transcriptome-wide association study identify potentially causal genes responsible for economic traits in Simmental beef cattle
Cai, W., Zhang, Y., Chang, T., Wang, Z., Zhu, B., Chen, Y., Gao, X., Xu, L., Zhang, L., Gao, H., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26588427
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Authors: Han, B., & Eskin, E.
Affiliations: University of California, Los Angeles (US)
Corresponding author: Eskin, Eleazar
ORCID: Han, Buhm
Eskin, Eleazar
Venue: The American Journal of Human Genetics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2011-05
Volume: 88
Issue: 5
Pages: 586-598
ISSN: 0002-9297 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.04.014
PMC: PMC3146723
OpenAlex: W2042421957
Cited by: 680
References: 55
Citations by year: 2026: 39 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 86 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 2.62
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 844 d)
Locations: The American Journal of Human Genetics (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Seoul National University Open Repository (Seoul National University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5u01da024417-02)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K25HL080079)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (U01-DA024417)
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (N01 ES045530)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
Keywords: random effects models, genome-wide association study, meta-analysis, heterogeneity, fixed effects model, statistical power, null hypothesis, association discovery
MeSH terms: Crohn Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Models, Genetic, Models, Statistical, Likelihood Functions, Quantitative Trait Loci, Genome-Wide Association Study

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Random-Effects Model Aimed at Discovering Associations in Meta-Analysis of Genome-wide Association Studies

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