Levator ani thickness variations in symptomatic and asymptomatic women using magnetic resonance-based 3-dimensional color mapping
Abstract
Objective This study was undertaken to develop and test a 3-dimensional (3D) color thickness mapping technique on levator ani imaged with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods Supine MRI datasets from 30 women were studied: 10 asymptomatic, 10 with urodynamic stress incontinence, and 10 with pelvic organ prolapse. Levators were manually outlined, and thickness mapping applied. Three-dimensional models were colored topographically, reflecting levator thickness. Thickness and occurrences of absent levator substance (gaps) were compared across the 3 groups, using nonparametric statistical tests.Results Color thickness mapping was successful in all subjects. There were statistically significant differences in thickness and gap percentages among the 3 groups of women, with thicker, bulkier levators in asymptomatic women, compared with women with prolapse or urodynamic stress incontinence.Conclusion Color thickness mapping is feasible. It may be used to compare levators in symptomatic and asymptomatic women, to study relationships between levator thickness and pelvic floor dysfunction. This technique can be used in larger studies for hypothesis testing.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Women with POP have pelvic floor muscle impairment.
“Women with POP have shown to have PFM impairment [4, 6, 8–16]”
The association between a decrease in levator plate angle, an increase in levator hiatus area and presence of POP has been confirmed in several studies.
“The association between a decrease in levator plate angle, increase in levator hiatus area and presence of POP has been confirmed in several studies [5–13].”
Cites
Warfield, S. K., Zou, K. H., & Wells, W. M. (2004) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2004.828354 · Cited by 2,072 · see citing works
Self-citationDeLancey, J. O. L. (2003) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(02)02465-1 · Cited by 585 · see citing works
Hoyte, L. P. J., Schierlitz, L., Zou, K. H., Flesh, G., & Fielding, J. R. (2001) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1067/mob.2001.116365 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Self-citationDeLancey, J. O. L., Kearney, R., Chou, Q., et al. (2003) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/00006250-200301000-00012 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
MR-Based Three-Dimensional Modeling of the Normal Pelvic Floor in Women
Fielding, J. R., Dumanlı, H., Schreyer, A. G., Okuda, S., Gering, D. T., Zou, K. H., Kikinis, R., & Jolesz, F. A. (2000) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.174.3.1740657 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Self-citationMagnetic resonance imaging of the levator ani with anatomic correlation
Strohbehn, K., ELUS, J., Strohbehn, J. W., & DELANCEY, J. (1996) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0029-7844(95)00410-6 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Patterns of prolapse in women with symptoms of pelvic floor weakness: assessment with MR imaging.
Healy, J. C., Halligan, S., Reznek, R. H., Watson, S., Rw, P., & Armstrong, P. (1997) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.203.1.9122419 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Kirschner-Hermanns, R. K. M., WEIN, B. B., NIEHAUS, S., Schaefer, W., & Jakse, G. (1993) · British Journal of Urology · doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.1993.tb16254.x · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Tunn, R., DeLancey, J. O., Howard, D., Ashton‐Miller, J. A., & Quint, L. E. (2003) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1067/mob.2003.58 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Estrogen, Progesterone, and Androgen Receptor Expression in Levator Ani Muscle and Fascia
Copas, P. R., Bukovský, A., Asbury, B., Elder, R. F., & Caudle, M. R. (2001) · Journal of Women s Health & Gender-Based Medicine · doi:10.1089/15246090152636541 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Magnetic resonance imaging of defects in DeLancey's vaginal support levels I, II, and III
Huddleston, H. T., Dunnihoo, D. R., Huddleston, P. M., & Meyers, P. C. (1995) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(95)91411-0 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Tunn, R., DeLancey, J. O. L., & Quint, E. E. (2001) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1067/mob.2001.112972 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
MR imaging of the female pelvic floor in the supine and upright positions
Fielding, J. R., Versi, E., Mulkern, R. V., Lerner, M. H., Griffiths, D. J., & Jolesz, F. A. (1996) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.1880060622 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationTUMOR DETECTION BY VIRTUAL CYSTOSCOPY WITH COLOR MAPPING OF BLADDER WALL THICKNESS
Fielding, J. R., Hoyte, L. P. J., OKON, S. A., Schreyer, A. G., LEE, J., Zou, K. H., Warfield, S. K., Richie, J. P., Loughlin, K. R., LEARY, M. P. O., et al. (2002) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1097/00005392-200202000-00024 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationTumor detection in the bladder wall with a measurement of abnormal thickness in CT scans
Jaume, S., Ferrant, M., Macq, B. M. M., Hoyte, L. P. J., Fielding, J. R., Schreyer, A. G., Kikinis, R., & Warfield, S. K. (2003) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2003.808828 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationTUMOR DETECTION BY VIRTUAL CYSTOSCOPY WITH COLOR MAPPING OF BLADDER WALL THICKNESS
Fielding, J. R., Hoyte, L. P. J., OKON, S. A., Schreyer, A. G., LEE, J., Zou, K. H., Warfield, S. K., Richie, J. P., Loughlin, K. R., O’Leary, M. P., et al. (2002) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(01)69085-2 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationHoyte, L. P. J., & Ratiu, P. (2001) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1067/mob.2001.116751 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
DeLancey, J. O. L., Morgan, D. M., Fenner, D. E., Kearney, R., Guire, K., Miller, J. M., Hussain, H., Umek, W., Hsu, Y., & Ashton-Miller, J. A. (2007) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000250901.57095.ba · Cited by 707 · see citing works
Interaction Among Apical Support, Levator Ani Impairment, and Anterior Vaginal Wall Prolapse
Chen, L., Ashton‐Miller, J. A., Hsu, Y., & DeLancey, J. O. L. (2006) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000227786.69257.a8 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Pelvic Floor Anatomy and Applied Physiology
Raizada, V., & Mittal, R. K. (2008) · Gastroenterology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2008.06.003 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Hoff Brækken, I., Majida, M., Engh, M. E., & Bø, K. (2010) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e3181cbd35f · Cited by 168 · see citing works
The pathophysiology of stress urinary incontinence: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Falah‐Hassani, K., Reeves, J. E., Shiri, R., Hickling, D. R., & McLean, L. (2021) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-020-04622-9 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Role of Static and Dynamic MR Imaging in Surgical Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
Boyadzhyan, L., Raman, S. S., & Raz, S. (2008) · Radiographics · doi:10.1148/rg.284075139 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Deformation of the pelvic floor muscles during a vaginal delivery
Parente, M., Jorge, R. N., Mascarenhas, T., Fernandes, A. A., & Martins, J. A. C. (2007) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-007-0388-7 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Chen, L., Ashton‐Miller, J. A., & DeLancey, J. O. L. (2009) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.04.043 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Grigorescu, B. A., Lazarou, G., Olson, T. R., Downie, S. A., Powers, K., Greston, W. M., & Mikhail, M. S. (2007) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-007-0395-8 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Interrater reliability of assessing levator ani muscle defects with magnetic resonance images
Morgan, D. M., Umek, W. H., Stein, T. A., Hsu, Y., Guire, K. E., & DeLancey, J. O. L. (2006) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-006-0224-5 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Finite Element Studies of the Deformation of the Pelvic Floor
Martins, J. A. C., Pato, M. P. M., Pires, E. B., Jorge, R. N., Parente, M., & Mascarenhas, T. (2007) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1389.019 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Bø, K., Anglès-Acedo, S., Batra, A., Brækken, I. H., Chan, Y. L., Jorge, C. H., Kruger, J., Yadav, M., & Dumoulin, C. (2022) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-022-05324-0 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
The influence of an occipito-posterior malposition on the biomechanical behavior of the pelvic floor
Parente, M., Jorge, R. N., Mascarenhas, T., Fernandes, A. A., & Martins, J. A. C. (2009) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2009.02.033 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Anatomy and Histology of the Lower Urinary Tract
Pradidarcheep, W., Wallner, C., Dabhoiwala, N. F., & Lamers, W. H. (2011) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16499-6_7 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Fauconnier, A., Zareski, E., Abichedid, J., Bader, G., Falissard, B., & Fritel, X. (2008) · Neurourology and Urodynamics · doi:10.1002/nau.20491 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Biomechanical trade-offs in the pelvic floor constrain the evolution of the human birth canal
Stansfield, E., Kumar, K., Mitterœcker, P., & Grunstra, N. D. S. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2022159118 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Brækken, I. H., Majida, M., Engh, M. E., & Bø, K. (2014) · Neurourology and Urodynamics · doi:10.1002/nau.22384 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Test‐retest reliability of an instrumented speculum for measuring vaginal closure force
Miller, J. M., Ashton‐Miller, J. A., Perruchini, D., & DeLancey, J. O. L. (2007) · Neurourology and Urodynamics · doi:10.1002/nau.20407 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Morris, V., Murray, M. P., DeLancey, J. O. L., & Ashton‐Miller, J. A. (2012) · Neurourology and Urodynamics · doi:10.1002/nau.21208 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Magnetic resonance assessment of pelvic anatomy and pelvic floor disorders after childbirth
Handa, V. L., Lockhart, M. E., Kenton, K. S., Bradley, C. S., Fielding, J. R., Cundiff, G. W., Salomon, C. G., Hakim, C. M., Ye, W., & Richter, H. E. (2008) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-008-0736-2 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationSelected Interventions in Nuclear Medicine: Gastrointestinal Motor Functions
Odunsi, S. T., & Camilleri, M. (2009) · Seminars in Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2008.11.002 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Hsu, Y., Lewicky‐Gaupp, C., & DeLancey, J. O. (2008) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2007.11.032 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Levator plate descent correlates with levator ani muscle deficiency
Rostaminia, G., White, D., Quiroz, L. H., & Shobeiri, S. A. (2013) · Neurourology and Urodynamics · doi:10.1002/nau.22509 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Sadahira, T., Mitsui, Y., Araki, M., Maruyama, Y., Wada, K., Edamura, K., Kobayashi, Y., Watanabe, M., Watanabe, T., & Nasu, Y. (2018) · LUTS Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms · doi:10.1111/luts.12245 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Pelvic-Floor Strength in Women With Incontinence as Assessed by the Brink Scale
FitzGerald, M. P., Burgio, K. L., Borello‐France, D., Menefee, S. A., Schaffer, J., Kraus, S., Mallett, V. T., Xu, Y., & for the Urinary Incontinence Treatment Network (2007) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.2522/ptj.20060073 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Effects of pelvic floor muscle contraction on anal canal pressure
Padda, B. S., Jung, S.-A., Pretorius, D. H., Nager, C. W., den Boer, D. J., & Mittal, R. K. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00250.2006 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Biomechanical properties of synthetic surgical meshes for pelvic prolapse repair
Todros, S., Pavan, P. G., & NATALI, A. N. (2015) · Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials/Journal of mechanical behavior of biomedical materials · doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.10.024 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Posterior vaginal sling experience in elderly patients yields poor results
Mattox, T. F., Moore, S., Stanford, E. J., & Mills, B. B. (2006) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2006.01.061 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Rostaminia, G., Peck, J. D., Quiroz, L. H., & Shobeiri, S. A. (2014) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-014-2503-x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Guo, J., Guo, W., & Ren, G. (2021) · Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology · doi:10.1007/s10237-021-01465-1 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
New imaging in neurogastroenterology: an overview
Camilleri, M. (2006) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2006.00786.x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Jeppson, P. C., Balgobin, S., Washington, B. B., Hill, A. J., Lewicky‐Gaupp, C., Wheeler, T., Ridgeway, B., Mazloomdoost, D., Balk, E. M., Corton, M. M., et al. (2018) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2018.04.006 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Subject Specific Finite Element Modelling of the Levator Ani
Su-Lin, L., Darzi, A. W., & Yang, G. (2005) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/11566465_45 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
External anal sphincter volume measurements using 3-dimensional endoanal ultrasound
Gregory, W. T., Boyles, S. H., Simmons, K., Corcoran, A., & Clark, A. (2006) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2005.10.822 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Shi, M., Shang, S., Xie, B., Wang, J., Hu, B., Sun, X., Wu, J. L., & Hong, N. (2016) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-016-4023-z · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Static and dynamic MRI features of the levator ani and correlation with severity of genital prolapse
Ansquer, Y., FERNANDEZ, P., Chapron, C., Frey, C. A., Bennis, M., Roy, C., Salomon, L., Mandelbrot, L., & Carbonne, B. (2006) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1080/00016340600984837 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Hsu, Y., Chen, L., Huebner, M., Ashton‐Miller, J. A., & DeLancey, J. O. (2006) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000233153.75175.34 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Daneshgari, F., & Moore, C. K. (2006) · British Journal of Urology · doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.2006.06365.x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Physical-Based Statistical Shape Modeling of the Levator Ani
Su-Lin, L., Tan, E., Khullar, V., Gedroyc, W., Darzi, A. W., & Yang, G. (2009) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2009.2012894 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Yaşar, L., Ortakuz, S., Doğan, K., Kaya, E., & Ekin, M. (2018) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-018-3663-x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Yang, M., Chen, C., Wang, Z., Long, J., Huang, R., Qi, W., & Shi, R. (2024) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1342645 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Measuring the levator hiatus with axial MRI sequences: Adjusting the angle of acquisition
Gregory, W. T., Nardos, R., Worstell, T. R., & Thurmond, A. S. (2010) · Neurourology and Urodynamics · doi:10.1002/nau.20957 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Reliability and validity of a mobile home pelvic floor muscle trainer: The Elvie Trainer
Czyrnyj, C. S., Bérubé, M., Brooks, K., Varette, K., & McLean, L. (2020) · Neurourology and Urodynamics · doi:10.1002/nau.24439 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Meriwether, K. V., Hall, R. J., Leeman, L. M., Migliaccio, L., Qualls, C., & Rogers, R. G. (2014) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-014-2524-5 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvic floor: From clinical to biomechanical imaging
Brandão, S., Roza, T. D., Parente, M., Ramos, I. M., Mascarenhas, T., & Jorge, R. N. (2013) · Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part H Journal of Engineering in Medicine · doi:10.1177/0954411913502952 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Rostaminia, G., Peck, J. D., Quiroz, L. H., & Shobeiri, S. A. (2015) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-015-2827-1 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Anatomic Defects of the Abdominal Wall and Pelvic Floor
Lentz, G. M. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-02951-3.50023-6 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Statistical Shape Modelling of the Levator Ani with Thickness Variation
Su-Lin, L., Horkaew, P., Darzi, A. W., & Yang, G. (2004) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-30135-6_32 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Bracken, J. N., Reyes, M., Gendron, J. M., Pierce, L. M., Runge, V. M., & Kuehl, T. J. (2011) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-011-1443-y · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Downing, K. T., Hoyte, L. P. J., Warfield, S. K., & Weidner, A. C. (2007) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2007.08.015 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationIt's Not All About Birth: Biomechanics Applied to Pelvic Organ Prolapse Prevention
O’Dell, K. K., & Morse, A. N. (2008) · Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health · doi:10.1016/j.jmwh.2007.08.015 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Validating a clinical measure of levator hiatus size
Boyles, S. H., Edwards, S. R., Gregory, W. T., Denman, M. A., & Clark, A. (2007) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2006.08.028 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Caagbay, D., Turel, F., Dietz, H. P., Raynes‐Greenow, C. H., Martinho, N., & Black, K. I. (2020) · Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2020.05.011 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Russell, B., & Brubaker, L. T. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-84628-505-9_4 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Masteling, M., Ashton‐Miller, J. A., & DeLancey, J. O. L. (2018) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-018-3704-5 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
In vivo assessment of anterior compartment compliance and its relation to prolapse
Hsu, Y., Chen, L., Tumbarello, J. A., Ashton‐Miller, J. A., & DeLancey, J. O. (2010) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-010-1154-9 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Filho, A. L. D. S., Saleme, C. S., Roza, T. D., Martins, P. A. L. S., Parente, M., Pinotti, M., Mascarenhas, T., Ferreira, A. J. M., & Jorge, R. N. (2010) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.07.005 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Active and passive behaviors of soft tissues: Pelvic floor muscles
Pato, M. P. M., & Areias, P. M. D. A. (2009) · International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1002/cnm.1351 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ultrasound in Urogynecology: An Update on Clinical Application
Tseng, L. (2007) · Journal of Medical Ultrasound · doi:10.1016/s0929-6441(08)60023-5 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Duran, P., Sesillo, F. B., Burnett, L. A., Menefee, S. A., Cook, M. S., Zazueta‐Damian, G., Dzieciątkowska, M., Do, E., French, S., Shah, M. M., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.05.28.446170 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Applications of Pelvic Floor Modeling and Simulation
Kruger, J., Yan, X., Li, X., Nielsen, P. M. F., & Nash, M. P. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803228-2.00018-0 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Shobeiri, S. A., Chesson, R. R., West, E. C., Shott, S., & Hoyte, L. P. J. (2007) · Journal of Pelvic Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.spv.0000255565.85780.0c · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationShahAli, S., Bø, K., Hejazi, A., Hashemi, H. M., & Kharaji, G. (2025) · BMC Women s Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-025-04095-2 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Pelvic floor dysfunction: Anatomical characterization and functional imaging with MRI defecography
Pugliesi, R. A., Cannella, R., Vernuccio, F., Barberi, M. T., Roccella, G., Brancatelli, G., & Re, G. L. (2026) · European Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2026.112706 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Pathophysiology of the Pelvic Floor: Basic Physiology, Effects of Ageing, and Menopausal Changes
Fenner, D. E., & Hsu, Y. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-88-470-1542-5_3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Delmas, V., Ami, O., & Iba-Zizen, M.-T. (2010) · Bulletin de l Académie Nationale de Médecine · doi:10.1016/s0001-4079(19)32256-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Female levator ani muscle damage assessment in supine and upright position
Alvarez, I. D. A., van der Steen, A., Grob, A. T. M., & van den Noort, F. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-01266-x · Cited by 3 · see citing works
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE
Hsu, Y., & DeLancey, J. O. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-2339-5.50102-6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Biofeedback and Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy: Introducing Non-Surgical Treatments to Your Office
Rardin, C. R. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-84628-167-9_8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Postmenopausal Women
Ho, M. H., & Bhatia, N. N. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012369443-0/50064-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Biomechanical Environment of the Pelvic Floor
Madill, S. J. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803228-2.00011-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Anatomic Defects of the Abdominal Wall and Pelvic Floor
Lentz, G. M. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-06986-1.00020-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Apport de l’IRM dans le bilan de la statique pelvienne
Zareski, É., Fauconnier, A., & Scott, E. (2007) · Imagerie de la Femme · doi:10.1016/s1776-9817(07)88738-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Overview of pelvic floor failure and associated problems
Refaat, K., Fischer‐Hammadeh, C., & Hammadeh, M. E. (2012) · Urogynaecologia · doi:10.4081/uij.2012.e2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Shobeiri, S. A., Chesson, R. R., West, E. C., & Hoyte, L. P. J. (2008) · Journal of Pelvic Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1097/spv.0b013e31817f45a3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationPelvic organ prolapse, abdominal hernias, and inguinal hernias
Kirby, A. C., & Lentz, G. M. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-65399-2.00029-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Rai, A., Jain, S. K., Sharma, N., Lalwani, A., & Sharma, S. (2025) · Gynecology and Minimally Invasive Therapy · doi:10.4103/gmit.gmit_72_24 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Alshiek, J. A., Rostaminia, G., Quiroz, L. H., & Shobeiri, S. A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-40862-6_49 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kühn, A., Anthuber, C. J., Wisser, J., & Frank, C. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-12974-2_40 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Roriz, G. T. P. (2015) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) · doi:10.34626/aw70-cx54 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
3D Endovaginal Ultrasound Imaging of the Levator Ani Muscles
Quiroz, L. H., & Shobeiri, S. A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-52929-5_5
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Female Pelvic Floor
Hoyte, L. P. J. (2010) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9781439807217-39
Self-citationImaging of the Upper and Lower Urinary Tract: Radiology and Ultrasound
Tubaro, A., Kluivers, K. B., Puccini, F., & Carbone, A. (2017) · doi:10.1201/9781315378206-37
Pelvic Diaphragm and External Anal Sphincter
Liu, H., & Salem, Y. (2016) · doi:10.1002/9781118430309.ch37
Dierick, F., Galtsova, E., Lauer, C., Buisseret, F., Bouché, A.-F., & Martin, L. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/248823
(2005) · Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.gco.0000185331.32574.e1
(2005) · Current Opinion in Urology · doi:10.1097/01.mou.0000188972.91538.be
Anthuber, C. J., Wisser, J., & Frank, C. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-33897-0_39
Imaging of the Upper and Lower Urinary Tract (Radiology and Ultrasound)
Tubaro, A., Kluivers, K. B., & Carbone, A. (2010) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9781439807217-38
3D Endovaginal Ultrasound Imaging of the Levator Ani Muscles
Quiroz, L. H., & Shobeiri, S. A. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8426-4_4
3D Endovaginal Ultrasound Imaging of Levator Ani Muscles
Shobeiri, S. A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-92486-6_5
Kim, M. W., Lee, H., Billman, E., Kim, I., Ju, Y. M., Atala, A., Yoo, J. J., & Kim, J. H. (2026) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2026.09.040
- Authors
- Hoyte, L., Jakab, M., Warfield, S. K., Shott, S., Flesh, G., & Fielding, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Rush University (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-09
- Volume
- 191
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 856-861
- ISSN
- 0002-9378 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2153062118
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 5.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (P01 CA67165-06, P01CA067165)
- National Center for Research Resources (P41RR013218)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Pelvic floor disorders treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Sexual function and dysfunction studies
- Keywords
- levator ani muscle, pelvic floor dysfunction, pelvic organ prolapse, 3D MRI reconstruction, women
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Color, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Middle Aged, Reference Values, Urinary Incontinence, Stress, Uterine Prolapse, Pelvic Floor
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
