Maternal age and the risk of stillbirth throughout pregnancy in the United States

Reddy, Uma M.; Ko, Chia-Wen; Willinger, Marian

doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2006.06.019

Cited by 334Maternal and Perinatal Health InterventionsGlobal Maternal and Child HealthMaternal and fetal healthcare

Maternal age and the risk of stillbirth throughout pregnancy in the United States

Reddy, Uma M., Ko, Chia-Wen, Willinger, Marian·2006·American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

DOI 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.06.019

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Objective The objective of the study was to examine the relationship of maternal age with stillbirth risk throughout gestation. Study design A total of 5,458,735 singleton gestations without reported congenital anomalies from the 2001 to 2002 National Center for Health Statistics perinatal mortality and natality files were analyzed. Hazard rates (risk) of stillbirth (fetal death 20 weeks or longer) were calculated for each week of gestation. Results The risk of stillbirth at 37 to 41 weeks for women 35 to 39 years old was 1 in 382 ongoing pregnancies and for women 40 years old or older, 1 in 267 ongoing pregnancies. Compared with women younger than 35 years old, the relative risk of stillbirth was 1.32 (95% confidence interval 1.22, 1.43) for women 35 to 39 years old and 1.88 (95% confidence interval 1.64, 2.16) for women 40 years old or older at 37 to 41 weeks. This effect of maternal age persisted despite accounting for medical disease, parity, and race/ethnicity. Conclusion Women who are of advanced maternal age are at higher risk of stillbirth throughout gestation; the peak risk period is 37 to 41 weeks.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.06.019

Cites

22 of 22 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Advanced maternal age is linked to an escalation in complications during childbirth, such as preterm deliveries and stillbirths.
“These concerns are rooted in the established link between advanced maternal age and an escalation in complications during childbirth, such as preterm deliveries and stillbirths [6–8].”
From Age-related disparities in national maternal mortality trends: A population-based study (2025) · cites this paper as [7]

National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)
Feinleib, M. (2005) · Encyclopedia of Biostatistics · doi:10.1002/0470011815.b2a16042 · Cited by 3,134 · see citing works
Prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance in U.S. adults. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994
Harris, M. I., Flegal, K. M., Cowie, C. C., Eberhardt, M. S., Goldstein, D. E., Little, R. R., Wiedmeyer, H.-M., & Byrd-Holt, D. D. (1998) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.21.4.518 · Cited by 2,703 · see citing works
Births: final data for 2002.
Martin, J. A., Hamilton, B. E., Sutton, P. D., Ventura, S. J., Menacker, F., & Munson, M. L. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 907 · see citing works
Advanced Maternal Age and Adverse Perinatal Outcome
Jacobsson, B., Ladfors, L., & Milsom, I. (2004) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000140682.63746.be · Cited by 704 · see citing works
Increased Maternal Age and the Risk of Fetal Death
Fretts, R. C., Schmittdiel, J. A., McLean, F. H., Usher, R. H., & GOLDMAN, M. B. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199510123331501 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Restricted fetal growth in sudden intrauterine unexplained death
Frøen, J. F., Gardosi, J. O., Thurmann, A., Francis, A. I., & Stray‐Pedersen, B. (2004) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0001-6349.2004.00602.x · Cited by 345 · see citing works
The reporting of pre-existing maternal medical conditions and complications of pregnancy on birth certificates and in hospital discharge data
Lydon‐Rochelle, M. T., Holt, V. L., Cárdenas, V., Nelson, J. C., Easterling, T. R., Gardella, C. M., & Callaghan, W. M. (2005) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2005.02.096 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
RISK OF UNEXPLAINED STILLBIRTH AT DIFFERENT GESTATIONAL AGES
Yudkin, P., Wood, L., & Redman, C. W. G. (1987) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(87)92154-4 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Life-table analysis of the risk of perinatal death at term and post term in singleton pregnancies
Smith, G. C. S. (2001) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1067/mob.2001.109735 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Maternal age, obstetric complications, and the outcome of pregnancy.
Naeye, R. L. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Determinants of unexplained antepartum fetal deaths
Huang, D. (2000) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(99)00536-0 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Effects of maternal age, parity, and smoking on the risk of stillbirth
Raymond, E. G., Cnattingius, S., & Kiely, J. (1994) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1994.tb13614.x · Cited by 198 · see citing works
The modified biophysical profile: Antepartum testing in the 1990s
Miller, D. A. W., Rabello, Y. A., & Paul, R. H. (1996) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(96)70305-8 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Maternal medical disease: Risk of antepartum fetal death
Simpson, L. L. (2002) · Seminars in Perinatology · doi:10.1053/sper.2002.29838 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Reliability of Indiana Birth Certificate Data Compared to Medical Records
Zollinger, T. W., Przybylski, M. J., & Gamache, R. E. (2005) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.03.005 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Higher rate of stillbirth at the extremes of reproductive age: A large nationwide sample of deliveries in the United States
Bateman, B. T., & Simpson, L. L. (2006) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2005.08.038 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
RISK OF UNEXPLAINED STILLBIRTH AT DIFFERENT GESTATIONAL AGES
GRANT, A. M., Wheeler, T., Yudkin, P., Redman, C. W. G., & Wood, L. (1987) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(87)93079-0 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Validity of Maternal and Perinatal Risk Factors Reported on Fetal Death Certificates
Lydon‐Rochelle, M. T., Cárdenas, V., Nelson, J., Tomashek, K. M., Mueller, B. A., & Easterling, T. R. (2005) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2004.044305 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Should Older Women Have Antepartum Testing to Prevent Unexplained Stillbirth?
Fretts, R. C., Elkin, E. B., Myers, E. R., & Heffner, L. J. (2004) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000129237.93777.1a · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Is advanced maternal age an independent risk factor for uteroplacental insufficiency?
Miller, D. A. W. (2005) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2005.02.050 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Stillbirths in the United States, 1981–2000: An Age, Period, and Cohort Analysis
Ananth, C. V., Liu, S., Kinzler, W. L., & Kramer, M. S. (2005) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2004.043885 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Fetal deaths in the United States, 1997 vs 1991
Yuan, H., Platt, R. W., Morin, L. M., Joseph, K. S., & Kramer, M. S. (2005) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2004.12.002 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 23 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines
Rasmussen, K. M., & Yaktine, A. L. (2009) · Cited by 4,052 · see citing works
ACOG PRACTICE BULLETIN
Gynecologists (2009) · Cited by 1,035 · see citing works
Indications Contributing to the Increasing Cesarean Delivery Rate
Barber, E. L., Lundsberg, L. S., Belanger, K. D., Pettker, C. M., Funai, E. F., & Illuzzi, J. L. (2011) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e31821e5f65 · Cited by 694 · see citing works
Advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes
Frick, A. (2020) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.07.005 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Stillbirth
Smith, G. C. S., & Fretts, R. C. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61723-1 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
The impact of advanced maternal age on pregnancy outcome
Attali, E., & Yogev, Y. (2020) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.06.006 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Advanced maternal age and adverse perinatal outcome: A review of the evidence
Carolan, M. C., & Frankowska, D. (2010) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2010.07.006 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Randomized Trial of Labor Induction in Women 35 Years of Age or Older
Walker, K. F., Bugg, G. J., Macpherson, M., McCormick, C., Grace, N., Wildsmith, C., Bradshaw, L. E., Smith, G. C. S., & Thornton, J. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1509117 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Age-related Infertility
Crawford, N., & Steiner, A. Z. (2014) · Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2014.09.005 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Delayed Child-Bearing
Johnson, J.-A., Tough, S., Wilson, R. D., Audibert, F., Blight, C., BrockS, J.-A., Cartier, L., Désilets, V. A., Gagnon, A. L., Langlois, S. F., et al. (2012) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada · doi:10.1016/s1701-2163(16)35138-6 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Race and Ethnic Disparities in Fetal Mortality, Preterm Birth, and Infant Mortality in the United States: An Overview
MacDorman, M. F. (2011) · Seminars in Perinatology · doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2011.02.017 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Clinical Outcomes in High-Risk Pregnancies Due to Advanced Maternal Age
Correa‐de‐Araujo, R., & Yoon, S. S. (2020) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2020.8860 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Social age deadlines for the childbearing of women and men
Billari, F. C., Goisis, A., Liefbroer, A. C., Settersten, R. A., Aassve, A., Hagestad, G. O., & Spéder, Z. (2010) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deq360 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Maternal age and severe maternal morbidity: A population-based retrospective cohort study
Lisonkova, S., Potts, J., Muraca, G. M., Razaz, N., Sabr, Y., Chan, W., & Kramer, M. S. (2017) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002307 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Prediction and Prevention of Recurrent Stillbirth
Reddy, U. M. (2007) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000287616.71602.d0 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Self-citation
Term Pregnancy
Reddy, U. M., Bettegowda, V. R., Dias, T., Yamada-Kushnir, T., Ko, C., & Willinger, M. (2011) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e3182179e28 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Self-citation
Management of Stillbirth: Obstetric Care Consensus No, 10
(2020) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000003719 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
The risk of stillbirth and infant death stratified by gestational age in women with gestational diabetes
Rosenstein, M. G., Cheng, Y. W., Snowden, J. M., Nicholson, J. M., Doss, A. E., & Caughey, A. B. (2012) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2012.01.014 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Risk Assessment of Adverse Birth Outcomes in Relation to Maternal Age
Weng, Y., Yang, C., & Chiu, Y.-W. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114843 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
The impact of advanced maternal age and parity on obstetric and perinatal outcomes in singleton gestations
Wang, Y., Tanbo, T. G., Åbyholm, T., & Henriksen, T. (2010) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-010-1587-x · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Risk of Stillbirth and Infant Death Stratified by Gestational Age
Rosenstein, M. G., Cheng, Y. W., Snowden, J. M., Nicholson, J. M., & Caughey, A. B. (2012) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e31825bd286 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Rethinking the Definition of “Term Pregnancy”
Fleischman, A. R., Oinuma, M., & Clark, S. L. (2010) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e3181e24f28 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Racial disparities in stillbirth risk across gestation in the United States
Willinger, M., Ko, C., & Reddy, U. M. (2009) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2009.06.057 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citation
A significant linear association exists between advanced maternal age and adverse perinatal outcome
Yaniv, S. S., Levy, A., Wiznitzer, A., Holcberg, G., Mazor, M., & Sheiner, E. (2010) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-010-1459-4 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Prepregnancy Risk Factors for Antepartum Stillbirth in the United States
Reddy, U. M., Laughon, S. K., Sun, L., Troendle, J. F., Willinger, M., & Zhang, J. (2010) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e3181f903f8 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Self-citation
Indications for Outpatient Antenatal Fetal Surveillance
(2021) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000004407 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Antenatal Testing—A Reevaluation
Signore, C. C., Freeman, R. K., & Spong, C. Y. (2009) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e318197bd8a · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Preconception care: delivery strategies and packages for care
Lassi, Z., Dean, S., Mallick, D., & Bhutta, Z. (2014) · Reproductive Health · doi:10.1186/1742-4755-11-s3-s7 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Vitamin D, the placenta and early pregnancy: effects on trophoblast function
Ganguly, A., Tamblyn, J. A., Finn-Sell, S. L., Chan, S., Westwood, M., Gupta, J., Kilby, M. D., Gross, S. R., & Hewison, M. (2017) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-17-0491 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Increased risk in the elderly parturient
Montán, S. (2007) · Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/gco.0b013e3280825603 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Advanced maternal age
Mills, T. A., & Lavender, T. (2011) · Obstetrics Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ogrm.2010.12.003 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Advanced Maternal Age. Part I: Obstetric Complications
Usta, I. M., & Nassar, A. H. (2008) · American Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1055/s-0028-1085620 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Selected birth defects data from population‐based birth defects surveillance programs in the United States, 2006 to 2010: Featuring trisomy conditions
Mai, C. T., Kucik, J. E., Isenburg, J. L., Feldkamp, M. L., Marengo, L. K., Stallings, E. B., Thorpe, P., Jackson, J. M., Correa, A., Rickard, R., et al. (2013) · Birth Defects Research Part A Clinical and Molecular Teratology · doi:10.1002/bdra.23198 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Pregnancy at Age 35 Years or Older
(2022) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000004873 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Effect of parity and advanced maternal age on obstetric outcome
Chan, B., & Lao, T. T.-H. (2008) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2008.05.004 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Androgens Modulate the Morphological Characteristics of Human Endometrial Stromal Cells Decidualized In Vitro
Kajihara, T., Tanaka, K., Oguro, T., Tochigi, H., Prechapanich, J., Uchino, S., Itakura, A., Šućurović, S., Murakami, K., Brosens, J. J., et al. (2013) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1177/1933719113497280 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Maternal and Fetal Risk Associated With Assisted Reproductive Technology
Kawwass, J. F., & Badell, M. L. (2018) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000002786 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Association of Maternal Age With Severe Maternal Morbidity and Mortality in Canada
Aoyama, K., Pinto, R. L., Ray, J. G., Hill, A. D., Scales, D. C., Lapinsky, S. E., Hladunewich, M., Seaward, G. R., & Fowler, R. (2019) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9875 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Obstetric Care Consensus #10: Management of Stillbirth
Metz, T. D., Berry, R. S., Fretts, R. C., Reddy, U. M., & TURRENTINE, M. A. (2020) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2020.01.017 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citation
US term stillbirth rates and the 39-week rule: a cause for concern?
Nicholson, J. M., Kellar, L. C., Ahmad, S., Abid, A., Woloski, J. R., Hewamudalige, N., Henning, G. F., Lauring, J. R., Ural, S., & Yaklic, J. L. (2016) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2016.02.019 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes of late‐ and postterm pregnancies in advanced maternal age: A national cohort study
Kortekaas, J. C., Kazemier, B. M., Keulen, J. K. J., Bruinsma, A., Mol, B. W., Vandenbussche, F. P. H. A., van Dillen, J., & de Miranda, E. (2020) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.13828 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in United States: Stillbirth Rates: Trends, Risk Factors, and Research Needs
HOGUE, C. J. R., & Silver, R. M. (2011) · Seminars in Perinatology · doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2011.02.019 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Advanced maternal age and risk of antepartum and intrapartum stillbirth
Salihu, H. M., Wilson, R. E., Alio, A. P., & Kirby, R. S. (2008) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2008.00855.x · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Causes of antepartum stillbirth in women of advanced maternal age
Walker, K. F., Bradshaw, L. E., Bugg, G. J., & Thornton, J. (2015) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.11.032 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
The role of androgens and the androgen receptor in cycling endometrium
Cloke, B., & Christian, M. (2012) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2011.06.031 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Risk factors for antepartum stillbirth and the influence of maternal age in New South Wales Australia: A population based study
Gordon, A., Raynes‐Greenow, C. H., McGeechan, K., Morris, J. M., & Jeffery, H. E. (2013) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/1471-2393-13-12 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
La edad de la mujer como factor de riesgo de mortalidad materna, fetal, neonatal e infantil
Donoso, E., Jorge Carvajal, C., Vera, C. M., & Poblete, J. A. (2014) · Revista médica de Chile · doi:10.4067/s0034-98872014000200004 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Re: Maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcome: a cohort study. A. Khalil, A. Syngelaki, N. Maiz, Y. Zinevich and K. H. Nicolaides. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013; 42: 634–643
Audibert, F. (2013) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.13234 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
An Ecological Approach to Understanding Black–White Disparities in Perinatal Mortality
Alio, A. P., Richman, A. R., Clayton, H. B., Jeffers, D. F., Wathington, D. J., & Salihu, H. M. (2009) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-009-0495-9 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Advanced Maternal Age and Stillbirth Risk in Nulliparous and Parous Women
Waldenström, U., Cnattingius, S., Norman, M., & Schytt, E. (2015) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000000947 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Do biological, sociodemographic, and behavioral characteristics explain racial/ethnic disparities in preterm births?
Sparks, P. J. (2009) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.02.026 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Identifying Risk Factors for Uterine Rupture
Smith, J., Mertz, H., & Merrill, D. (2008) · Clinics in Perinatology · doi:10.1016/j.clp.2007.11.008 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Preconception care: promoting reproductive planning
Dean, S. V., Lassi, Z. S., Imam, A. M., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2014) · Reproductive Health · doi:10.1186/1742-4755-11-s3-s2 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Variation in relationships between maternal age at first birth and pregnancy outcomes by maternal race: a population-based cohort study in the United States
Schummers, L., Hacker, M. R., Williams, P. L., Hutcheon, J. A., VanderWeele, T. J., McElrath, T. F., & Hernández–Dı́az, S. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033697 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Obstetric Care Consensus #11, Pregnancy at age 35 years or older
Gantt, A., Metz, T. D., Kuller, J. A., Louis, J. M., Cahill, A. G., & TURRENTINE, M. A. (2022) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2022.07.022 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Reduction in stillbirths at term after new birth induction paradigm: results of a national intervention
Hedegaard, M., Lidegaard, Ø., Skovlund, C. W., Mørch, L. S., & Hedegaard, M. S. (2014) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005785 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Stillbirth in the Pregnancy Complicated by Diabetes
Starikov, R. S., Dudley, D. J., & Reddy, U. M. (2015) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-015-0580-y · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citation
The role of fetal autopsy and placental examination in the causes of fetal death: a retrospective study of 132 cases of stillbirths
Bonetti, L. R., Ferrari, P., Trani, N., Macciò, L., Schirosi, L., Sartori, G., Facchinetti, F., & Rivasi, F. (2010) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-009-1317-4 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
An analysis of the indications for cesarean section in a teaching hospital in China
Gao, Y., Xue, Q., Chen, G., STONE, P. R., Zhao, M., & Chen, Q. (2013) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.08.009 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Effect of Maternal Age on the Risk of Stillbirth: A Population-Based Cohort Study on 37 Million Births in the United States
Balayla, J., Azoulay, L., Assayag, J., Benjamin, A., & Abenhaim, H. A. (2011) · American Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1055/s-0031-1276739 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Pregnancy outcome in mothers over the age of 35
Heazell, A. E. P., Newman, L. M., Lean, S. C., & Jones, R. L. (2018) · Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/gco.0000000000000494 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The risk of stillbirth and infant death by each additional week of expectant management stratified by maternal age
Pagé, J., Snowden, J. M., Cheng, Y. W., Doss, A. E., Rosenstein, M. G., & Caughey, A. B. (2013) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2013.05.045 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Perinatal Mortality and Advanced Maternal Age
Mutz‐Dehbalaie, I., Scheier, M., Jerabek-Klestil, S., Brantner, C., Windbichler, G. H., Leitner, H., Egle, D., Ramoni, A., & Oberaigner, W. (2013) · Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation · doi:10.1159/000357168 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Senescence of reproduction may explain adaptive menopause in humans: A test of the “mother” hypothesis
Pavard, S., Metcalf, C. J. E., & Heyer, É. (2008) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.20794 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The impact of maternal age on fetal death: does length of gestation matter?
Haavaldsen, C., Sarfraz, A. A., Samuelsen, S. O., & Eskild, A. (2010) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2010.07.014 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Pregnancy outcome after age 40 and risk of low birth weight
Tabcharoen, C., Pinjaroen, S., Suwanrath, C., & Krisanapan, O. (2009) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1080/01443610902929537 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Perspectives on risk: Assessment of risk profiles and outcomes among women planning community birth in the United States
Bovbjerg, M. L., Cheyney, M. J., Brown, J., Cox, K. J., & Leeman, L. M. (2017) · Birth · doi:10.1111/birt.12288 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Intimate partner violence (IPV) with miscarriages, stillbirths and abortions: Identifying vulnerable households for women in Bangladesh
Afiaz, A., Biswas, R. K., Shamma, R., & Ananna, N. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0236670 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Induction of Labour. Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k, AWMF Registry No. 015-088, December 2020)
Kehl, S., Hösli, I., Pecks, U., Reif, P., Schild, R. L., Schmidt, M., Schmitz, D., Schwarz, C., Surbek, D., & Abou‐Dakn, M. (2021) · Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · doi:10.1055/a-1519-7713 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Vitamin D status in the first-trimester: effects of Vitamin D deficiency on pregnancy outcomes
Ateş, S., Şevket, O., Özcan, P., Özkal, F., Kaya, M. O., & Dane, B. (2016) · African Health Sciences · doi:10.4314/ahs.v16i1.5 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
A stillbirth calculator: Development and internal validation of a clinical prediction model to quantify stillbirth risk
Trudell, A., Tuuli, M. G., Colditz, G. A., Macones, G. A., & Odibo, A. O. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173461 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Stillbirths at the Jos University Teaching Hospital: Incidence, risk, and etiological factors
Mutihir, J. T., & Eka, P. O. (2011) · Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.4103/1119-3077.79233 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Prevalence of stillbirth and its associated factors in East Africa: generalized linear mixed modeling
Tesema, G. A., Tessema, Z. T., Tamirat, K. S., & Teshale, A. B. (2021) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-021-03883-6 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Prediction of patient-specific risk for fetal loss using maternal characteristics and first- and second-trimester maternal serum Down syndrome markers
Dugoff, L., Cuckle, H., Hobbins, J. C., Malone, F. D., Belfort, M. A., Nyberg, D. A., Comstock, C. H., Saade, G. R., Eddleman, K. A., Dar, P., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2008.06.099 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Do differences in maternal age, parity and multiple births explain variations in fetal and neonatal mortality rates in Europe? – Results from the EURO‐PERISTAT project
Anthony, S., Jacobusse, G. W., Bruin, K. M. V. D. P., Buitendijk, S. E., Zeitlin, J. A., & EURO‐PERISTAT Working Group on Risk Factors (2009) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2009.01044.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Forty is the new twenty”: An analysis of British media portrayals of older mothers
Mills, T. A., Lavender, R., & Lavender, T. (2014) · Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare · doi:10.1016/j.srhc.2014.10.005 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Woman-centered care: Women's experiences and perceptions of induction of labor for uncomplicated post-term pregnancy: A systematic review of qualitative evidence
Akuamoah-Boateng, J., & Spencer, R. L. (2018) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2018.08.018 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Association of Prenatal Care Services, Maternal Morbidity, and Perinatal Mortality With the Advanced Maternal Age Cutoff of 35 Years
Geiger, C. K., Clapp, M. A., & Cohen, J. L. (2021) · JAMA Health Forum · doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2021.4044 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
SELECTION ON MENOPAUSE IN TWO PREMODERN HUMAN POPULATIONS: NO EVIDENCE FOR THE MOTHER HYPOTHESIS
Lahdenperä, M., Russell, A. F., Tremblay, M., & Lummaa, V. (2010) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01142.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
A multicenter, case–control study on risk factors for antepartum stillbirth
Facchinetti, F., Alberico, S., Benedetto, C., Cetin, I., Cozzolino, S., Renzo, G. C. D., Giovane, C. D., Ferrari, F., Mecacci, F., Menato, G., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.3109/14767058.2010.496880 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Gastro-oesophageal reflux: a mixed methods study of infants admitted to hospital in the first 12 months following birth in NSW (2000–2011)
Dahlen, H. G., Foster, J. P., Psaila, K., Spence, K., Badawi, N. A., Fowler, C., Schmied, V. A., & Thornton, C. E. (2018) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-018-0999-9 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
No-271-Delayed Child-Bearing
Johnson, J.-A., & Tough, S. (2017) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada · doi:10.1016/j.jogc.2017.09.007 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Obstetrical Management of the Older Gravida
Franz, M. B., & Husslein, P. W. (2010) · Women s Health · doi:10.2217/whe.10.26 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Maternal age is a risk factor for caesarean section following induction of labour
Dunn, L., Kumar, S., & Beckmann, M. M. (2017) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/ajo.12611 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
What factors predict differences in infant and perinatal mortality in primary care trusts in England? A prognostic model
Freemantle, N., Wood, J., Griffin, C., Gill, P., Calvert, M., Shankar, A., Chambers, J., & MacArthur, C. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2892 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
A Balancing Act: Navigating Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy at Very Advanced Maternal Age, from Preconception to Postpartum
Lopian, M., Ligumsky, L. K., & Many, A. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12144701 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Increasing maternal age at first pregnancy planning: health outcomes and associated costs
Tromp, M., Ravelli, A. C. J., Reitsma, J. B., Bonsel, G. J., & Mol, B. W. (2010) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2009.095422 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Molecular and Cytogenetic Analysis in Stillbirth: Results from 481 Consecutive Cases
Sahlin, E., Gustavsson, P., Liedén, A., Papadogiannakis, N., Bjäreborn, L., Pettersson, K., Nordenskjöld, M., & Iwarsson, E. (2014) · Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy · doi:10.1159/000361017 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Factors That Mediate Racial/Ethnic Disparities in US Fetal Death Rates
Lorch, S. A., Kroelinger, C. D., Ahlberg, C. E., & Barfield, W. D. (2012) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2012.300852 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Induction of labour versus expectant management for nulliparous women over 35 years of age: a multi-centre prospective, randomised controlled trial
Walker, K. F., Bugg, G. J., Macpherson, M., McCormick, C., Wildsmith, C., Smith, G. C. S., & Thornton, J. (2012) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/1471-2393-12-145 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Labour induction near term for women aged 35 or over: an economic evaluation
Walker, K. F., Dritsaki, M., Bugg, G. J., Macpherson, M., McCormick, C., Grace, N., Wildsmith, C., Bradshaw, L. E., Smith, G., & Thornton, J. (2017) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.14557 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Does induction of labor at term increase the risk of cesarean section in advanced maternal age? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Fonseca, M. J., Santos, F., Afreixo, V. M. A., Silva, I. S., & Almeida, M. D. C. (2020) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.08.022 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Rising rates of intervention in childbirth
McAra‐Couper, J., Jones, M., & Smythe, E. (2010) · British Journal of Midwifery · doi:10.12968/bjom.2010.18.3.46917 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Advanced maternal age
Walker, K. F., & Thornton, J. (2016) · Obstetrics Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ogrm.2016.09.005 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The effect of maternal position on venous return for pregnant women during MRI
Hughes, E., Price, A. N., McCabe, L., Hiscocks, S., Waite, L., Green, E., Hutter, J. M., Baruteau, K. P., Cordero‐Grande, L., Edwards, A. D., et al. (2021) · NMR in Biomedicine · doi:10.1002/nbm.4475 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Induction of labour versus expectant management at term by subgroups of maternal age: an individual patient data meta-analysis
Walker, K. F., Malin, G. L., Wilson, P., & Thornton, J. (2015) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.11.004 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Predictors of stillbirths in Bangladesh: evidence from the 2004–2014 nation-wide household surveys
Abir, T., Agho, K., Ogbo, F. A., Stevens, G. J., Page, A., Hasnat, M. A., Dibley, M. J., & Raynes‐Greenow, C. H. (2017) · Global Health Action · doi:10.1080/16549716.2017.1410048 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Stillbirths in Macaca fascicularis
Sesbuppha, W., Chantip, S., Dick, E. J., Schlabritz‐Loutsevitch, N., Guardado‐Mendoza, R., Butler, S. D., Frost, P. A., & Hubbard, G. B. (2008) · Journal of Medical Primatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0684.2007.00275.x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Interventions to prevent stillbirth
Pagé, J., & Silver, R. M. (2017) · Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.siny.2017.02.010 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The mortality risk of expectant management compared with delivery stratified by gestational age and race and ethnicity
Rosenstein, M. G., Snowden, J. M., Cheng, Y. W., & Caughey, A. B. (2014) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2014.06.008 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Gestational age-specific risk of stillbirth during term pregnancy according to maternal age
Wie, J. H., Pak, S. E., Kim, R. Y., Chung, Y. H., Park, I. Y., Park, Y. G., Shin, J. S., & Ko, H. S. (2018) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-018-5022-z · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Effect of Maternal Age on the Risk of Stillbirth: A Population-Based Cohort Study on 37 Million Births in the United States
Balayla, J., Azoulay, L., Assayag, J., Benjamin, A., & Abenhaim, H. A. (2011) · American Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1055/s-0031-1276739 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Maternal age and the risk of stillbirth during pregnancy
Reddy, U. M., Ko, C., & Willinger, M. (2005) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2005.10.737 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
Higher rate of stillbirth at the extremes of reproductive age: A large nationwide sample of deliveries in the United States
Bateman, B. T., & Simpson, L. L. (2006) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2005.08.038 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Advanced maternal age and late fetal wastage
Platt, J. S., & O’Brien, W. F. (2003) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2003.10.227

Authors: Reddy, U. M., Ko, C.-W., & Willinger, M.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
ORCID: Reddy, Uma M.
Venue: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2006-09
Volume: 195
Issue: 3
Pages: 764-770
ISSN: 0002-9378 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.06.019
OpenAlex: W1974462903
Cited by: 334
References: 23
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 19.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Global Maternal and Child Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and fetal healthcare
Keywords: maternal age, advanced maternal age, stillbirth, perinatal mortality, fetal death, singleton pregnancy, gestational age, risk factors, parity, race and ethnicity
MeSH terms: Adult, Black or African American, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Maternal Age, Parity, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Risk Factors, United States, Stillbirth

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Maternal age and the risk of stillbirth throughout pregnancy in the United States

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks