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Cited by 709Nutritional Studies and DietBirth, Development, and HealthMaternal and Neonatal Healthcare

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 238 of the 238 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The importance of nutrition in pregnancy and lactation: lifelong consequences

Open access
Marshall, Nicole E., Abrams, Barbara, Barbour, Linda A., Catalano, Patrick, Christian, Parul, Friedman, Jacob E., Hay, William W., Hernandez, Teri L., Krebs, Nancy F., Oken, Emily, Purnell, Jonathan Q., Roberts, James M., Soltani, Hora, Wallace, Jacqueline, Thornburg, Kent L.·2022·American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
DOI 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.12.035PMC PMC9182711
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Abstract

Most women in the United States do not meet the recommendations for healthful nutrition and weight before and during pregnancy. Women and providers often ask what a healthy diet for a pregnant woman should look like. The message should be "eat better, not more." This can be achieved by basing diet on a variety of nutrient-dense, whole foods, including fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, healthy fats with omega-3 fatty acids that include nuts and seeds, and fish, in place of poorer quality highly processed foods. Such a diet embodies nutritional density and is less likely to be accompanied by excessive energy intake than the standard American diet consisting of increased intakes of processed foods, fatty red meat, and sweetened foods and beverages. Women who report "prudent" or "health-conscious" eating patterns before and/or during pregnancy may have fewer pregnancy complications and adverse child health outcomes. Comprehensive nutritional supplementation (multiple micronutrients plus balanced protein energy) among women with inadequate nutrition has been associated with improved birth outcomes, including decreased rates of low birthweight. A diet that severely restricts any macronutrient class should be avoided, specifically the ketogenic diet that lacks carbohydrates, the Paleo diet because of dairy restriction, and any diet characterized by excess saturated fats. User-friendly tools to facilitate a quick evaluation of dietary patterns with clear guidance on how to address dietary inadequacies and embedded support from trained healthcare providers are urgently needed. Recent evidence has shown that although excessive gestational weight gain predicts adverse perinatal outcomes among women with normal weight, the degree of prepregnancy obesity predicts adverse perinatal outcomes to a greater degree than gestational weight gain among women with obesity. Furthermore, low body mass index and insufficient gestational weight gain are associated with poor perinatal outcomes. Observational data have shown that first-trimester gain is the strongest predictor of adverse outcomes. Interventions beginning in early pregnancy or preconception are needed to prevent downstream complications for mothers and their children. For neonates, human milk provides personalized nutrition and is associated with short- and long-term health benefits for infants and mothers. Eating a healthy diet is a way for lactating mothers to support optimal health for themselves and their infants.

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  1. Barbour LA, Hernandez TL, Friedman JE. Metabolic changes during normal, obese, and GDM pregnancies. In Reece A, Coustan D, ed. Diabetes and obesity in women. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer. https://www.amazon.com/diabetes-obesity-women-albert-reece/dp/1496390547. Accessed September 26, 2018. · DOI
  2. Rodel, 2019, Human milk composition in type 2 diabetes imparts higher insulin exposure, Diabetes, 68

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Metadata

Authors
Marshall, N. E., Abrams, B., Barbour, L. A., Catalano, P., Christian, P., Friedman, J. E., Hay, W. W., Hernandez, T. L., Krebs, N. F., Oken, E., Purnell, J. Q., Roberts, J. M., Soltani, H., Wallace, J., & Thornburg, K. L.
Affiliations
  • Oregon Health & Science University (US)
  • University of California, Berkeley (US)
  • University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
  • Tufts University (US)
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
  • University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (US)
  • University of Colorado Denver (US)
  • Harvard University (US)
  • University of Pittsburgh (US)
  • Sheffield Hallam University (GB)
  • University of Aberdeen (GB)
ORCID
Venue
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-05
Volume
226
Issue
5
Pages
607-632
ISSN
0002-9378 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.ajog.2021.12.035
PMC
PMC9182711
OpenAlex
W4200045503
Cited by
709
References
238
Citations by year
2026: 146 · 2025: 218 · 2024: 201 · 2023: 112 · 2022: 31
FWCI
15.36
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • SHURA (Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive) (Sheffield Hallam University) (acceptedVersion)
  • Aberdeen University Research Archive (Aberdeen University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
  • National Institutes of Health
  • University of Michigan
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
Keywords
maternal nutrition, pregnancy, lactation, gestational weight gain, pre-pregnancy obesity, low body mass index, ketogenic diet, paleodiet, dietary habits, omega-3 fatty acids, processed foods, prenatal micronutrient supplementation, low birth weight, perinatal outcomes, breast milk, preconception care
MeSH terms
Gestational Weight Gain, Diet, Female, Humans, Lactation, Male, Nutritional Status, Obesity, Pregnancy, Vegetables, Weight Gain

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