The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Role of Viral, Host, and Secondary Bacterial Factors in Influenza Pathogenesis
Open accessAbstract
Influenza A virus infections in humans generally cause self-limited infections, but can result in severe disease, secondary bacterial pneumonias, and death. Influenza viruses can replicate in epithelial cells throughout the respiratory tree and can cause tracheitis, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, diffuse alveolar damage with pulmonary edema and hemorrhage, and interstitial and airspace inflammation. The mechanisms by which influenza infections result in enhanced disease, including development of pneumonia and acute respiratory distress, are multifactorial, involving host, viral, and bacterial factors. Host factors that enhance risk of severe influenza disease include underlying comorbidities, such as cardiac and respiratory disease, immunosuppression, and pregnancy. Viral parameters enhancing disease risk include polymerase mutations associated with host switch and adaptation, viral proteins that modulate immune and antiviral responses, and virulence factors that increase disease severity, which can be especially prominent in pandemic viruses and some zoonotic influenza viruses causing human infections. Influenza viral infections result in damage to the respiratory epithelium that facilitates secondary infection with common bacterial pneumopathogens and can lead to secondary bacterial pneumonias that greatly contribute to respiratory distress, enhanced morbidity, and death. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which influenza and secondary bacterial infections, coupled with the role of host risk factors, contribute to enhanced morbidity and mortality is essential to develop better therapeutic strategies to treat severe influenza.
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Cites
Fatal outcome of human influenza A (H5N1) is associated with high viral load and hypercytokinemia.
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“pyogenes.(12,13) Thus, the increased susceptibility to the complication of secondary bacterial infections should be considered as an intrinsic virulence property of influenza viruses.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics
Taubenberger, J. K., & Morens, D. M. (2006) · Emerging Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1209.05-0979 · Cited by 1,590
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Self-citationAberrant innate immune response in lethal infection of macaques with the 1918 influenza virus.
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Self-citationInsights into the Interaction between Influenza Virus and Pneumococcus
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Genomic analysis of increased host immune and cell death responses induced by 1918 influenza virus
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Self-citationPulmonary Pathologic Findings of Fatal 2009 Pandemic Influenza A/H1N1 Viral Infections
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Self-citation
Cited by
Secondary bacterial infections associated with influenza pandemics
Morris, D. E., Cleary, D. W., & Clarke, S. C. (2017) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01041 · Cited by 576
The role of vaccines in preventing bacterial antimicrobial resistance
Jansen, K. U., Knirsch, C., & Anderson, A. S. (2018) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4465 · Cited by 355
Antibiotic resistance: turning evolutionary principles into clinical reality
Andersson, D. I., Balaban, N. Q., Baquero, F., Courvalin, P., Glaser, P., Gophna, U., Kishony, R., Molin, S., & Tønjum, T. (2020) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1093/femsre/fuaa001 · Cited by 238
Kępińska, A. P., Iyegbe, C. O., Vernon, A. C., Yolken, R., Murray, R. M., & Pollak, T. A. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00072 · Cited by 193
Kawakita, M., Oyama, T., Shirai, I., Tanaka, S., Akaki, K., Abe, S., Asahi, T., Cui, G., Itoh, F., Sasaki, M., et al. (2021) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-021-01870-3 · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- Kash, J. C., & Taubenberger, J. K.
- Venue
- The American Journal of Pathology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-06
- Volume
- 185
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1528-1536
- ISSN
- 0002-9440 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1635544817
- Cited by
- 178
- References
- 13
- FWCI
- 12.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
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