Weight Status and Restaurant Availability
Open accessAbstract
Background Empiric studies find that contextual factors affect individual weight status over and above individual socioeconomic characteristics. Given increasing levels of obesity, researchers are examining how the food environment contributes to unhealthy weight status. An important change to this environment is the increasing availability of away-from-home eating establishments such as restaurants.Methods This study analyzed the relationship between the restaurant environment and weight status across counties in the United States. Individual data from the 2002-2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (N=714,054) were linked with restaurant data from the 2002 U.S. Economic Census. Fast-food and full-service restaurant density, along with restaurant mix (the ratio of fast-food to full-service restaurants), were assessed.Results Fast-food restaurant density and a higher ratio of fast-food to full-service restaurants were associated with higher individual-level weight status (BMI and the risk of being obese). In contrast, a higher density of full-service restaurants was associated with lower weight status.Conclusions Area-level restaurant mix emerged as an important correlate of weight status, with components of the restaurant environment exhibiting differential associations. Hence, it is the availability of fast-food relative to other away-from-home choices that appears salient for unhealthy weight outcomes. Areas with a high density of full-service restaurants were indicative of a more healthful eating environment, suggesting a need for research into the comparative healthfulness of foods served at different types of restaurants. Future prospective studies are required to delineate causal pathways.
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In 2 separate cross-sectional analyses using 2006-2007 BRFSS data, higher per capita density of full-service restaurants was associated with lower BMI and lower prevalence of obesity and diabetes.
“In 2 separate cross-sectional analyses using 2006–2007 BRFSS data, a higher per capita density of full-service restaurants was associated with a lower BMI and lower prevalence of obesity298,306 and diabetes.298”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [306]
Exceptions include analyses using BRFSS, in which higher per capita density of fast-food restaurants was associated with higher BMI and prevalence of obesity or diabetes in adults.
“Exceptions include analyses using the BRFSS, in which higher per capita density of fast-food restaurants was associated with higher BMI and prevalence of obesity306 or diabetes298 in adults.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [306]
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- Authors
- Mehta, N. K., & Chang, V. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Preventive Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-02
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 127-133
- ISSN
- 0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2440344
- OpenAlex
- W1488287108
- Cited by
- 236
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 24.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (T32AG000177)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K12HD043459)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Social Sciences › Transportation › Urban Transport and Accessibility
- Keywords
- weight status, obesity, food environment, fast food restaurants, full-service restaurants, restaurant density, body mass index
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Feeding Behavior, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Restaurants, United States, Weight Gain, Censuses, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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