Cited by 189Suicide and Self-Harm StudiesEmergency and Acute Care StudiesPsychiatric care and mental health services

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Improving Suicide Risk Screening and Detection in the Emergency Department

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Boudreaux, Edwin D., Camargo, Carlos A., Arias, Sarah A., Sullivan, Ashley F., Allen, Michael H., Goldstein, Amy B., Manton, Anne P., Espinola, Janice A., Miller, Ivan W.·2016·American Journal of Preventive Medicine

DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.09.029PMC PMC4801719

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Abstract

Introduction The Emergency Department Safety Assessment and Follow-up Evaluation Screening Outcome Evaluation examined whether universal suicide risk screening is feasible and effective at improving suicide risk detection in the emergency department (ED).Methods A three-phase interrupted time series design was used: Treatment as Usual (Phase 1), Universal Screening (Phase 2), and Universal Screening + Intervention (Phase 3). Eight EDs from seven states participated from 2009 through 2014. Data collection spanned peak hours and 7 days of the week. Chart reviews established if screening for intentional self-harm ideation/behavior (screening) was documented in the medical record and whether the individual endorsed intentional self-harm ideation/behavior (detection). Patient interviews determined if the documented intentional self-harm was suicidal. In Phase 2, universal suicide risk screening was implemented during routine care. In Phase 3, improvements were made to increase screening rates and fidelity. Chi-square tests and generalized estimating equations were calculated. Data were analyzed in 2014.Results Across the three phases (N=236,791 ED visit records), documented screenings rose from 26% (Phase 1) to 84% (Phase 3) (χ(2) [2, n=236,789]=71,000, p<0.001). Detection rose from 2.9% to 5.7% (χ(2) [2, n=236,789]=902, p<0.001). The majority of detected intentional self-harm was confirmed as recent suicidal ideation or behavior by patient interview.Conclusions Universal suicide risk screening in the ED was feasible and led to a nearly twofold increase in risk detection. If these findings remain true when scaled, the public health impact could be tremendous, because identification of risk is the first and necessary step for preventing suicide.Trial registration Emergency Department Safety Assessmentand Follow-up Evaluation (ED-SAFE) ClinicalTrials.gov: (NCT01150994). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01150994?term=ED-SAFE&rank=1.

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Background
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Boudreaux ED, Jaques ML, Brady KM, Matson A, Allen MH. Validation of the patient safety screener: results from the Psychiatric Emergency Research Collaboration (PERC)-3. Arch Suicide Res. In press.

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Authors: Boudreaux, E. D., Camargo, C. A., Arias, S. A., Sullivan, A. F., Allen, M. H., Goldstein, A. B., Manton, A. P., Espinola, J. A., & Miller, I. W.
Affiliations: University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
Brown University (US)
National Institutes of Health (US)
Cape Cod Hospital (US)
Corresponding author: Boudreaux, Edwin D.
ORCID: Boudreaux, Edwin D.
Camargo, Carlos A.
Arias, Sarah A.
Sullivan, Ashley F.
Goldstein, Amy B.
Espinola, Janice A.
Miller, Ivan W.
Venue: American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2016-04
Volume: 50
Issue: 4
Pages: 445-453
ISSN: 0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.09.029
PMC: PMC4801719
OpenAlex: W2181951461
Cited by: 189
References: 23
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 5
FWCI: 15.31
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH088278)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Emergency and Acute Care Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
Keywords: suicide risk screening, emergency department, universal screening, suicide risk identification, intentional self-harm, suicidal ideation, suicide prevention
MeSH terms: Suicide Prevention, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Emergency Service, Hospital, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, Suicide, Attempted, Self-Injurious Behavior, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Risk Assessment, Young Adult, Suicidal Ideation, Interrupted Time Series Analysis

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Improving Suicide Risk Screening and Detection in the Emergency Department

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