Cited by 152LGBTQ Health, Identity, and PolicyHealth disparities and outcomesGender, Health, and Social Inequality

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Sexual Minority Health and Health Risk Factors

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Hsieh, Ning, Ruther, Matt·2016·American Journal of Preventive Medicine

DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.11.016PMC PMC4875806

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Abstract

Introduction Although population studies have documented the poorer health outcomes of sexual minorities, few have taken an intersectionality approach to examine how sexual orientation, gender, and race jointly affect these outcomes. Moreover, little is known about how behavioral risks and healthcare access contribute to health disparities by sexual, gender, and racial identities. Methods Using ordered and binary logistic regression models in 2015, data from the 2013 and 2014 National Health Interview Surveys (n=62,302) were analyzed to study disparities in self-rated health and functional limitation. This study examined how gender and race interact with sexual identity to create health disparities, and how these disparities are attributable to differential exposure to behavioral risks and access to care. Results Conditional on sociodemographic factors, all sexual, gender, and racial minority groups, except straight white women, gay white men, and bisexual non-white men, reported worse self-rated health than straight white men (p<0.05). Some of these gaps were attributable to differences in behaviors and healthcare access. All female groups, as well as gay non-white men, were more likely to report a functional limitation than straight white men (p<0.05), and these gaps largely remained when behavioral risks and access to care were accounted for. The study also discusses health disparities within sexual, gender, and racial minority groups. Conclusions Sexual, gender, and racial identities interact with one another in a complex way to affect health experiences. Efforts to improve sexual minority health should consider heterogeneity in health risks and health outcomes among sexual minorities.

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Authors: Hsieh, N., & Ruther, M.
Affiliations: Michigan State University (US)
University of Louisville (US)
Corresponding author: Hsieh, Ning
ORCID: Hsieh, Ning
Ruther, Matt
Venue: American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2016-06
Volume: 50
Issue: 6
Pages: 746-755
ISSN: 0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.11.016
PMC: PMC4875806
OpenAlex: W2270771702
Cited by: 152
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 6
FWCI: 19.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (P30AG012857, T32AG000243)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Gender, Health, and Social Inequality
Keywords: sexual minority health, health disparities, intersectionality, sexual orientation, gender identity, race, self-rated health, functional limitations, health risk behaviors, health care access, bisexual men, gay men, lesbians, National Health Interview Survey
MeSH terms: Sexual and Gender Minorities, Adult, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sexual Behavior, Racial Groups, Health Status Disparities

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