Dimensions of sexual orientation and the prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in the United States
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OBJECTIVES: We used data from a nationally representative sample to examine the associations among 3 dimensions of sexual orientation (identity, attraction, and behavior), lifetime and past-year mood and anxiety disorders, and sex. METHODS: We analyzed data from wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. RESULTS: Mental health outcomes differed by sex, dimension of sexual orientation, and sexual minority group. Whereas a lesbian, gay, or bisexual identity was associated with higher odds of any mood or anxiety disorder for both men and women, women reporting only same-sex sexual partners in their lifetime had the lowest rates of most disorders. Higher odds of any lifetime mood or anxiety disorder were more consistent and pronounced among sexual minority men than among sexual minority women. Finally, bisexual behavior conferred the highest odds of any mood or anxiety disorder for both males and females. CONCLUSIONS: Findings point to mental health disparities among some, but not all, sexual minority groups and emphasize the importance of including multiple measures of sexual orientation in population-based health studies.
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High rates of depression have been found among LGBTQ adults and older adults.
“High rates of depression have been found among LGBTQ adults and older adults [60,61,62,63,64,65].”
From Findings from a feasibility study of an adapted cognitive behavioral therapy group intervention to reduce depression among lgbtq (Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer) young people (2019) · cites this paper as [61]
The Results and Discussion report higher rates of mood disorders, including major depression, in some lesbian, gay, and bisexual adult groups. The paper does not establish high depression rates among older adults specifically, and its findings do not cover the full LGBTQ population. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThese disjunctures have been shown to change research results, depending on the measure of sexual orientation used.
“and these disjunctures have been shown to change research results, depending on the measure of sexual orientation used (Bostwick et al. 2010; Compton et al. 2015; Korchmaros et al. 2013; Mize 2016).”
From Intersections between Sexual Identity, Sexual Attraction, and Sexual Behavior among a Nationally Representative Sample of American Men and Women (2019) · cites this paper as Bostwick et al. 2010
Previous studies show differences in findings based on the measure of sexual orientation used.
“After all, previous studies show differences in findings based on the measure of sexual orientation used.”
From Intersections between Sexual Identity, Sexual Attraction, and Sexual Behavior among a Nationally Representative Sample of American Men and Women (2019) · cites this paper as Bostwick et al. 2010
Identifying as LGB is associated with higher odds of anxiety disorders compared to identifying as straight, for both men and women.
“Bostwick et al. (2010) find that identifying as LGB is associated with higher odds of anxiety disorders compared to identifying as straight, for both men and women”
From Intersections between Sexual Identity, Sexual Attraction, and Sexual Behavior among a Nationally Representative Sample of American Men and Women (2019) · cites this paper as Bostwick et al. 2010
Women who report only same-sex sex partners in their lifetime had the lowest rates of most disorders.
“however, they also find that women who report only same-sex sex partners in their lifetime had the lowest rates of most disorders.”
From Intersections between Sexual Identity, Sexual Attraction, and Sexual Behavior among a Nationally Representative Sample of American Men and Women (2019) · cites this paper as Bostwick et al. 2010
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- Authors
- Bostwick, W. B., Boyd, C. J., Hughes, T. L., & McCabe, S. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- American Public Health Association
- Published
- 2010-03
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 468-475
- ISSN
- 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-0048
- PMC
- PMC2820045
- OpenAlex
- W2051979792
- Cited by
- 829
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 73 · 2019: 65 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 73 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 16.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Michigan
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R21DA023055, DA023055)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
- Keywords
- sexual orientation, sexual minority mental health, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, sexual identity, sexual attraction, sexual behavior, bisexual behavior, sex differences, mental health disparities, NESARC
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Bisexuality, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Minority Groups, Population Surveillance, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stereotyping, United States, Prevalence, Multivariate Analysis, Logistic Models, Sex Distribution, Homosexuality, Male, Homosexuality, Female, Mood Disorders, Health Status Disparities
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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