Gender Differences of Atrial and Ventricular Remodeling and Autonomic Tone in Nonelite Athletes
Abstract
Veteran endurance athletes have an increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF), with a striking male predominance. We hypothesized that male athletes were more prone to atrial and ventricular remodeling and investigated the signal-averaged P wave and factors that promote the occurrence of AF. Nonelite athletes scheduled to participate in the 2010 Grand Prix of Bern, a 10-mile race, were invited. Of the 873 marathon and nonmarathon runners who were willing to participate, 68 female and 70 male athletes were randomly selected. The runners with cardiovascular disease or elevated blood pressure (>140/90 mm Hg) were excluded. Thus, 121 athletes were entered into the final analysis. Their mean age was 42 ± 7 years. No gender differences were found for age, lifetime training hours, or race time. The male athletes had a significantly longer signal-averaged P-wave duration (136 ± 12 vs 122 ± 10 ms; p <0.001). The left atrial volume was larger in the male athletes (56 ± 13 vs 49 ± 10 ml; p = 0.001), while left atrial volume index showed no differences (29 ± 7 vs 30 ± 6 ml/m²; p = 0.332). In male athletes, the left ventricular mass index (107 ± 17 vs 86 ± 16 g/m²; p <0.001) and relative wall thickness (0.44 ± 0.06 vs 0.41 ± 0.07; p = 0.004) were greater. No differences were found in the left ventricular ejection fraction (63 ± 4% vs 66 ± 6%; p = 0.112) and mitral annular tissue Doppler e' velocity (10.9 ± 1.5 vs 10.6 ± 1.5 cm/s; p = 0.187). However, the tissue Doppler a' veloc…
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For comparable training and performance, male athletes showed more pronounced atrial remodeling, a concentric type of ventricular remodeling, and altered diastolic function compared to female athletes.
“Specifically, Wilhelm et al. enrolled 61 female and 60 male athletes and found that, for a comparable amount of training and performance, male athletes showed more pronounced atrial remodeling, a concentric type of ventricular remodeling, and an altered diastolic function [30].”
From Atrial Fibrillation in Elite Athletes: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature (2024) · cites this paper as [30]
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- Authors
- Wilhelm, M., Roten, L., Tanner, H., Wilhelm, I., Schmid, J.-P., & Saner, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Bern (CH)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-11
- Volume
- 108
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1489-1495
- ISSN
- 0002-9149 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2006817144
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The American Journal of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BORIS (University Library Bern) (submittedVersion)
- Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
- Keywords
- atrial fibrillation, atrial remodeling, ventricular remodeling, sex differences, endurance runners, signal-averaged P wave, left atrial volume, left ventricular mass, autonomic tone, heart rate variability, blood pressure, tissue Doppler imaging, atrial fibrillation risk factors, marathon runners
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Atrial Fibrillation, Blood Flow Velocity, Blood Pressure, Diastole, Electrocardiography, Female, Heart Atria, Heart Rate, Heart Ventricles, Humans, Male, Rest, Sex Factors, Systole, Ultrasonography, Ventricular Function, Left, Ventricular Remodeling, Athletes
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