Monitoring glycemic control: the importance of self-monitoring of blood glucose
Abstract
Several methods, each with differing utility and limitations, exist for monitoring glycemic control. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is considered the standard measure of long-term glycemic control, and HbA1c levels are strongly associated with complications of diabetes. However, HbA1c does not provide "real-time" information about individual hyperglycemic or hypoglycemic excursions. Urine glucose testing is noninvasive and inexpensive, but it is dependent on the patient's individual renal threshold and can only detect glucose concentrations above this threshold. As such, urine testing cannot be recommended for diabetes management that aims for near-normoglycemia. Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) complements HbA1c by providing real-time blood glucose data. It is an educational tool for both patients and their healthcare providers to understand the effects of diet, exercise, and medications on day-to-day glycemic control. However, guidelines from various international diabetes organizations vary in their level of specificity regarding the frequency and timing of self-monitoring. SMBG should be implemented for all patients as part of an overall diabetes management plan that includes specific instruction on how, when, and why to test.
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Glycosuria is normally evidenced when the renal reabsorption threshold is exceeded (>180 mg/dL), even if there is individual variability.
“Glycosuria is normally evidenced when the renal reabsorption threshold is exceeded (>180 mg/dL), even if there is individual variability 171,172.”
From Glucose biosensors in clinical practice: principles, limits and perspectives of currently used devices (2022) · cites this paper as [171]
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- Authors
- Renard, E.
- Venue
- The American Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-09
- Volume
- 118
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 12-19
- ISSN
- 0002-9343 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2028199900
- Cited by
- 99
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The American Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- glycemic control, self-monitoring of blood glucose, HbA1c, urine glucose testing, renal threshold, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, diabetes management, patient education
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Hypoglycemia, Patient Compliance, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring
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