Left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiovascular mortality by race and ethnicity
Open accessAbstract
Background Left ventricular hypertrophy is a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. The contribution of left ventricular hypertrophy to racial and ethnic differences in cardiovascular mortality is poorly understood.Methods We used data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and from the National Death Index to compare mortality for those with an electrocardiographic (ECG) diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy to those without left ventricular hypertrophy separately for whites, African Americans, and Latinos. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to control for other known prognostic factors.Results ECG left ventricular hypertrophy was significantly associated with 10-year cardiovascular mortality in all 3 racial/ethnic groups, both unadjusted and adjusted for other known prognostic factors. The hazard ratio for this association was significantly greater for African Americans (2.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55-3.42) than for whites and Latinos (1.32; 95% CI, 1.14-1.76 and 2.11; 95% CI, 1.35-3.30, respectively), independent of systolic blood pressure.Conclusions ECG left ventricular hypertrophy contributes more to the risk of cardiovascular mortality in African Americans than it does in whites. Using regression of ECG left ventricular hypertrophy as a goal of therapy might be a means to reduce racial differences in cardiovascular mortality; prospective validation is required.
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ECG left ventricular hypertrophy is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events.
“Electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), detected by the Sokolow-Lyons index, Cornell voltage QRS duration product, or the recently developed Novacode estimate, 418 is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events.”
From European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012) (2012) · cites this paper as [418]
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- Authors
- Havranek, E. P., Froshaug, D. B., Emserman, C. D. B., Hanratty, R., Krantz, M. J., Masoudi, F. A., Dickinson, L. M., & Steiner, J. F.
- Affiliations
- Denver Health Medical Center (US)
- University of Colorado Denver (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The American Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-10
- Volume
- 121
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 870-875
- ISSN
- 0002-9343 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2574427
- OpenAlex
- W2064635885
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 6.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The American Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (HP00054 5 D12)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U01HL079160)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiovascular mortality, racial and ethnic disparities, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, white, electrocardiographic diagnosis, systolic blood pressure, cardiovascular risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Black or African American, Electrocardiography, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, United States, Proportional Hazards Models, Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular
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