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Resting Heart Rate: Risk Indicator and Emerging Risk Factor in Cardiovascular Disease
Abstract
Resting heart rate is central to cardiac output and is influenced by changes occurring in numerous diseases. It predicts longevity and cardiovascular diseases, and current evidence suggests that it is also an important marker of outcome in cardiovascular disease, including heart failure. Beta-blockers improve outcomes in heart failure; however, they have effects outside reducing heart rate. Ivabradine has demonstrated efficacy in reducing rehospitalizations and mortality in heart failure and in improving exercise tolerance and reducing angina attacks in patients with coronary artery disease, whereas selective heart rate reduction may also prove to be beneficial in therapeutic areas outside those in which ivabradine has already demonstrated clinical efficacy. This review provides an update on the associations between heart rate and cardiovascular outcomes in various conditions, the experimental effects of heart rate reduction with ivabradine, and the potential new indications in cardiovascular disease.
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“Increased heart rate is generally considered an adverse effect, associated with lower survival. 35”
From Healthy Weight Loss Maintenance with Exercise, Liraglutide, or Both Combined (2021) · cites this paper as [35]
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Elevated Heart Rate: A “New” Cardiovascular Risk Factor?
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Heart Rate Contributes to the Vascular Effects of Chronic Mental Stress
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Association of heart rate with microalbuminuria in cardiovascular risk patients: data from I-SEARCH
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Henkens, I. R., van Wolferen, S. A., Gan, C. T., Boonstra, A., Swenne, C. A., Twisk, J. W. R., Otto Kamp, B., van der Wall, E. E., Schalij, M. J., Noordegraaf, A. V., et al. (2009) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.01.359 · Cited by 53
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Risk Following Hospitalization in Stable Chronic Systolic Heart Failure
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Heart rate differentiates urgency and emergency in hypertensive crisis
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Metadata
- Authors
- Böhm, M., Reil, J.-C., Deedwania, P., Kim, J. B., & Borer, J. S.
- Affiliations
- Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes (DE)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Amgen (United States) (US)
- Cornell University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Böhm, Michael
- Venue
- The American Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 128
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 219-228
- ISSN
- 0002-9343 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2082410000
- Cited by
- 236
- References
- 138
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 9
- FWCI
- 2.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The American Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Amgen
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart rate and cardiovascular health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- resting heart rate, cardiovascular risk, heart failure, ivabradine, beta-blockers, heart rate reduction, cardiovascular outcomes, coronary artery disease, mortality, hospital readmission, angina pectoris, exercise tolerance
- MeSH terms
- Ivabradine, Benzazepines, Cardiovascular Agents, Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart Rate, Humans, Rest, Risk Factors, Treatment Outcome
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