Cited by 149Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsDementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchCholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 94 of the 95 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Drug development for Alzheimer's disease: Where are we now and where are we headed?

Open access

Sabbagh, Marwan N.·2009·The American journal of geriatric pharmacotherapy

DOI 10.1016/j.amjopharm.2009.06.003PMC PMC2948028

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Objective The aim of this article was to provide a survey of the clinical development of pharmacotherapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods A search of PubMed to identify pertinent English-language literature was conducted using the terms Alzheimer's disease AND clinical trials (2003-2008), dementia AND prevention AND clinical trials (2003-2008), and the chemical names of all compounds mentioned in articles on new drugs for AD published since 2005. www.ClinicalTrials.gov was searched for relevant trials. Abstracts of the 2008 International Conference on Alzheimer's Disease (ICAD) were reviewed for relevance, as were pharmaceutical company and AD advocacy Web sites. Articles selected for review were primary reports of data from preclinical studies and clinical trials.Results A large number of drugs with differing targets and mechanisms of action are under development for the treatment of AD. Phase III trials of Ginkgo biloba, NSAIDs, phenserine, statins, tarenflurbil, tramiprosate, and xaliproden have been completed, none of them demonstrating adequate efficacy. Encouraging results from completed Phase II trials of dimebon, huperzine A, intravenous immunoglobulin, and methylthioninium chloride were reported at ICAD 2008. Nineteen compounds are currently in Phase II trials, and 3 compounds (AN1792, lecozotan SR, and SGS742) failed at this stage of development.Conclusions Despite disappointing results from recently completed Phase III trials of several novel compounds, the extent and breadth of activity at all phases of clinical development suggest that new pharmacotherapeutic options for the treatment of AD will become available within the next decade.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.amjopharm.2009.06.003

Cites

94 of 94 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes.
Braak, H., & Braak, E. (1991) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00308809 · Cited by 16,123
The Amyloid Hypothesis of Alzheimer’s Disease: Progress and Problems on the Road to Therapeutics
Hardy, J., & Selkoe, D. J. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1072994 · Cited by 13,864
Amyloid oligomers exacerbate tau pathology in a mouse model of tauopathy
Selenica, M.-L. B., Brownlow, M., Jimenez, J. P., Lee, D. C., Pena, G., Dickey, C. A., Gordon, M. N., & Morgan, D. (2013) · Neurodegenerative Diseases · doi:10.1159/000337230 · Cited by 10,359
Glutamate neurotoxicity and diseases of the nervous system
Choi, D. W. (1988) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(88)90162-6 · Cited by 8,188
RAGE mediates amyloid-β peptide transport across the blood-brain barrier and accumulation in brain
Deane, R., Du Yan, S., Submamaryan, R. K., LaRue, B., Jovanovic, S., Hogg, E., Welch, D., Manness, L., Lin, C., Yu, J., et al. (2003) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm890 · Cited by 1,426
Long-term effects of Aβ42 immunisation in Alzheimer's disease: follow-up of a randomised, placebo-controlled phase I trial
Holmes, C., Boche, D., Wilkinson, D., Yadegarfar, G., Hopkins, V., Bayer, A., Jones, R. W., Bullock, R., Love, S., Neal, J. W., et al. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61075-2 · Cited by 1,416
Decreased Prevalence of Alzheimer Disease Associated With 3-Hydroxy-3-Methyglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors
Wolozin, B. L. (2000) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.57.10.1439 · Cited by 1,408
A subset of NSAIDs lower amyloidogenic Aβ42 independently of cyclooxygenase activity
Weggen, S., Eriksen, J. L., Das, P., Sagi, S. A., Wang, R., Pietrzik, C. U., Findlay, K. A., Smith, T. E., Murphy, M. P., Bulter, T., et al. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35102591 · Cited by 1,388
Arthritis and anti-inflammatory agents as possible protective factors for Alzheimer's disease: A review of 17 epidemiologic studies
McGeer, P. L., Schulzer, M., & McGeer, E. G. (1996) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.47.2.425 · Cited by 1,367
Clinical effects of Aβ immunization (AN1792) in patients with AD in an interrupted trial
Gilman, S., Koller, M., Black, R. S., Jenkins, L., Griffith, S. G., Fox, N. C., Eisner, L., Kirby, L., Rovira, M. B., Forette, F., et al. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000159740.16984.3c · Cited by 1,329
Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease: A Prospective Analysis from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging
Lindsay, J. (2002) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwf074 · Cited by 1,261
GSK-3α regulates production of Alzheimer's disease amyloid-β peptides
Phiel, C. J., Wilson, C., Lee, V. M. ‐., & Klein, P. S. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01640 · Cited by 1,211
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs and the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease
in 't Veld, B. A., Ruitenberg, A., Hofman, A., Launer, L. J., van Duijn, C. M., Stijnen, T., Breteler, M. M. B., & Stricker, B. H. C. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa010178 · Cited by 1,196
Risk of Alzheimer's disease and duration of NSAID use
Stewart, W. F., Kawas, C., Corrada, M., & Metter, E. J. (1997) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.48.3.626 · Cited by 1,132
Clinical trial of indomethacin in Alzheimer's disease
Rogers, J., Kirby, L., Hempelman, S. R., Berry, D. A., McGeer, P. L., Kaszniak, A. W., Zalinski, J., Cofield, M., Mansukhani, L., Willson, P., et al. (1993) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.43.8.1609 · Cited by 991
Ibuprofen Suppresses Plaque Pathology and Inflammation in a Mouse Model for Alzheimer's Disease
Lim, G. P., Yang, F., Chu, T., Chen, P., Beech, W. K., Teter, B., Tran, T., Ubeda, O. J., Ashe, K. H., Frautschy, S. A., et al. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-15-05709.2000 · Cited by 876
Immunization reverses memory deficits without reducing brain Aβ burden in Alzheimer's disease model
Dodart, J.-C., Bales, K. R., Gannon, K. S., Greene, S. J., DeMattos, R. B., Mathis, C., DeLong, C. A., Wu, S., Wu, X., Holtzman, D. M., et al. (2002) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn842 · Cited by 858
Intranasal insulin improves cognition and modulates β-amyloid in early AD
Reger, M. A., Watson, G. S., Green, P. S., Wilkinson, C. W., Baker, L. D., Cholerton, B., Fishel, M. A., Plymate, S. R., Breitner, J. C. S., DeGroodt, W., et al. (2008) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000265401.62434.36 · Cited by 830
Insulin and neurodegenerative disease: shared and specific mechanisms
Craft, S., & Stennis Watson, G. (2004) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(04)00681-7 · Cited by 830
Safety, efficacy, and biomarker findings of PBT2 in targeting Aβ as a modifying therapy for Alzheimer's disease: a phase IIa, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Lannfelt, L., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H., Batsman, S., Ames, D., Harrison, J., Masters, C. L., Targum, S., Bush, A. I., Murdoch, R., et al. (2008) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(08)70167-4 · Cited by 725
Chronic Treatment with the γ-Secretase Inhibitor LY-411,575 Inhibits β-Amyloid Peptide Production and Alters Lymphopoiesis and Intestinal Cell Differentiation
Wong, G. T., Manfra, D. J., Poulet, F. M., Zhang, Q., Josien, H. B., Bara, T. A., Engstrom, L., Pinzon-Ortiz, M. C., Fine, J. S., Lee, H.-J. J., et al. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m311652200 · Cited by 723
Efficacy of rosiglitazone in a genetically defined population with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease
Risner, M. E., Saunders, A. M., Altman, J. F. B., Ormandy, G. C., Craft, S., Foley, I. M., Zvartau-Hind, M. E., Hosford, D. A., Roses, A. D., & for the Rosiglitazone in Alzheimer's Disease Study Group (2006) · The Pharmacogenomics Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.tpj.6500369 · Cited by 686
Ginkgo biloba for Prevention of Dementia A Randomized Controlled Trial
DeKosky, S. T. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2008.683 · Cited by 683
NSAIDs and enantiomers of flurbiprofen target γ-secretase and lower Aβ42 in vivo
Eriksen, J. L., Sagi, S. A., Smith, T. E., Weggen, S., Das, P., McLendon, D. C., Ozols, V. V., Jessing, K. W., Zavitz, K. H., Koo, E. H., et al. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci18162 · Cited by 634
Preserved Cognition in Patients With Early Alzheimer Disease and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment During Treatment With Rosiglitazone
Watson, G. S., Cholerton, B. A., Reger, M. A., Baker, L. D., Plymate, S. R., Asthana, S., Fishel, M. A., Kulstad, J. J., Green, P. S., Cook, D. G., et al. (2005) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajgp.13.11.950 · Cited by 614
Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on risk of Alzheimer's disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Etminan, M., Gill, S., & Samii, A. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7407.128 · Cited by 511
Lithium Reduces Tau Phosphorylation by Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3
Hong, M., Chen, D. C. R., Klein, P. S., & Lee, V. M. ‐. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.40.25326 · Cited by 476
Effect of dimebon on cognition, activities of daily living, behaviour, and global function in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Doody, R. S., Si, G., Sano, M. C., Thomas, R. G., Aisen, P. S. S., Бачурин, С. О., Seely, L., & Hung, D. S.-Y. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61074-0 · Cited by 458
Reversible memory loss in a mouse transgenic model of Alzheimer’s disease
Kotilinek, L. A., Bacskai, B., Westerman, M., Kawarabayashi, T., Younkin, L., Hyman, B. T., Younkin, S., & Ashe, K. H. (2002) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-15-06331.2002 · Cited by 420
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Study of Rofecoxib in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
on behalf of the Rofecoxib Protocol 078 study group, Thal, L. J., Ferris, S. H., Kirby, L., Block, G. A., Lines, C. R., Yuen, E., Assaid, C., Nessly, M. L., Norman, B. A., et al. (2005) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300690 · Cited by 402
The Role of Insulin Resistance in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer??s Disease
Watson, G. S., & Craft, S. (2003) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200317010-00003 · Cited by 400
Cognitive Function Over Time in the Alzheimer's Disease Anti-inflammatory Prevention Trial (ADAPT): Results of a Randomized, Controlled Trial of Naproxen and Celecoxib
(2008) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.2008.65.7.nct70006 · Cited by 387
A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of diclofenac/misoprostol in Alzheimer’s disease
Scharf, S., Mander, A. G., Ugoni, A., Vajda, F. J. E., & Christophidis, N. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.53.1.197 · Cited by 385
Lithium and risk for Alzheimer's disease in elderly patients with bipolar disorder
Nunes, P. V., Forlenza, O. V., & Gattaz, W. F. (2007) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.029868 · Cited by 369
Evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of synthetic Aβ42 (AN1792) in patients with AD
Bayer, A. J., Bullock, R., Jones, R. W., Wilkinson, D., Paterson, K. R., Jenkins, L., Millais, S. B., & Donoghue, S. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000148604.77591.67 · Cited by 356
Naproxen and celecoxib do not prevent AD in early results from a randomized controlled trial
ADAPT Research Group (2007) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000260269.93245.d2 · Cited by 354
Phase 2 Safety Trial Targeting Amyloid β Production With a γ-Secretase Inhibitor in Alzheimer Disease
Fleisher, A., Raman, R., Siemers, E., Becerra, L. M., Clark, C. M., Dean, R. A., Farlow, M. R., Galvin, J. E., Peskind, E. R., Quinn, J. F., et al. (2008) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.65.8.1031 · Cited by 332
Atorvastatin for the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Alzheimer Disease: Preliminary Results
Sparks, D. L., Sabbagh, M. N., Connor, D. J., Lopez, J., Launer, L. J., Browne, P., Wasser, D., Johnson-Traver, S., Lochhead, J., & Ziolwolski, C. (2005) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.62.5.753 · Cited by 319
Self-citation
Intravenous immunoglobulins containing antibodies against -amyloid for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Dodel, R. C. (2004) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2003.033399 · Cited by 319
18-Month study of intravenous immunoglobulin for treatment of mild Alzheimer disease
Relkin, N. R., Szabo, P., Adamiak, B., Burgut, T., Monthé, C., Lent, R. W., Younkin, S. G., Younkin, L. H., Schiff, R. I., & Weksler, M. E. (2008) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.12.021 · Cited by 305
Efficacy and safety of tarenflurbil in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a randomised phase II trial
Wilcock, G. K., Black, S. E., Hendrix, S. B., Zavitz, K. H., Swabb, E. A., & Laughlin, M. A. (2008) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(08)70090-5 · Cited by 291
Evidence That Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Decrease Amyloid β42 Production by Direct Modulation of γ-Secretase Activity
Weggen, S., Eriksen, J. L., Sagi, S. A., Pietrzik, C. U., Ozols, V. V., Fauq, A. H., Golde, T. E., & Koo, E. H. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m303592200 · Cited by 284
Four-week nicotine skin patch treatment effects on cognitive performance in Alzheimer's disease
White, H. K., & Levin, E. D. (1999) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130050931 · Cited by 276
5-HT6 Receptor Antagonists as Novel Cognitive Enhancing Agents for Alzheimer's Disease
Upton, N., Chuang, T. T., Hunter, A. J., & Virley, D. J. (2008) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.nurt.2008.05.008 · Cited by 257
Targeting Amyloid-β Peptide (Aβ) Oligomers by Passive Immunization with a Conformation-selective Monoclonal Antibody Improves Learning and Memory in Aβ Precursor Protein (APP) Transgenic Mice
Lee, E. B., Leng, L. Z., Zhang, B., Kwong, L. K., Trojanowski, J. Q., Abel, T. G., & Lee, V. M. ‐. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m511018200 · Cited by 254
Nicotinic receptor abnormalities in Alzheimer’s disease
COURT, J. A., Martin-Ruiz, C. M., Piggott, M. A., Spurden, D., Griffiths, M., & Perry, E. K. (2001) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(00)01116-1 · Cited by 232
Nicotine Inhibits Amyloid Formation by the β-Peptide
Salomon, A. R., Marcinowski, K. J., Friedland, R. P., & Zagorski, M. G. (1996) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi9617264 · Cited by 220
Therapies for Alzheimer's disease
Melnikova, I. (2007) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd2314 · Cited by 219
Effect of Raloxifene on Prevention of Dementia and Cognitive Impairment in Older Women: The Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) Randomized Trial
Yaffe, K. S., Krueger, K. A., Cummings, S. R., BLACKWELL, T. L., Henderson, V. W., Sarkar, S., Ensrud, K. E., & Grady, D. G. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.4.683 · Cited by 212
Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Product-Dependent Activation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Contributes to Amyloid-β-Mediated Cortical Synaptic Dysfunction
Origlia, N., Righi, M., Capsoni, S., Cattaneo, A., Fang, F., Stern, D. M., Chen, J. X., Schmidt, A. M., Arancio, O., Yan, S. D., et al. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0204-08.2008 · Cited by 206
β ‐Amyloid Degradation and Alzheimer′s Disease
Wang, D.-S., Dickson, D. W., & Malter, J. S. (2006) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/jbb/2006/58406 · Cited by 195
SGS742: the first GABAB receptor antagonist in clinical trials
Froestl, W., Gallagher, M., Jenkins, H., Madrid, A., Melcher, T., Teichman, S. L., Mondadori, C., & Pearlman, R. (2004) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2004.07.030 · Cited by 194
The Role of Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Acute and Chronic Neurodegeneration
O'Neill, M., Murray, T., Lakics, V., Visanji, N. P., & Duty, S. (2002) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1568007023339166 · Cited by 181
Apolipoprotein E, cholesterol transport and synthesis in sporadic Alzheimer's disease
Poirier, J. (2004) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2004.09.003 · Cited by 170
Mitochondria as a Target for Neurotoxins and Neuroprotective Agents
Бачурин, С. О., Shevtsova, E. F., Kireeva, E. G., Oxenkrug, G. F., & Sablin, S. O. (2003) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07541.x · Cited by 169
The γ-Secretase Complex: Membrane-Embedded Proteolytic Ensemble
Wolfe, M. S. (2006) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi060799c · Cited by 161
Dynamics of β-Amyloid Reductions in Brain, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Plasma of β-Amyloid Precursor Protein Transgenic Mice Treated with a γ-Secretase Inhibitor
Barten, D. M., Guss, V. L., Corsa, J. A., Loo, A., Hansel, S. B., Zheng, M., Munoz, B., Srinivasan, K., Wang, B., Robertson, B. J., et al. (2005) · The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.104.075408 · Cited by 159
NSAIDs and enantiomers of flurbiprofen target γ-secretase and lower Aβ42 in vivo
Eriksen, J. L., Sagi, S. A., Smith, T. E., et al. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200318162 · Cited by 135
The Experimental Alzheimer’s Disease Drug Posiphen [(+)-Phenserine] Lowers Amyloid-β Peptide Levels in Cell Culture and Mice
Lahiri, D. K., Chen, D., Maloney, B., Holloway, H. W., Yu, Q.-S., Utsuki, T., Giordano, T., Sambamurti, K., & Greig, N. H. (2006) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.106.112102 · Cited by 134
Effect of phenserine treatment on brain functional activity and amyloid in Alzheimer's disease
Kadir, A., Andreasen, N., Almkvist, O., Wall, A. E., Forsberg, A., Engler, H., Hagman, G., Lärksäter, M., Winblad, B. G., Zetterberg, H., et al. (2008) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21345 · Cited by 132
Cholesterol as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease - epidemiological evidence
Kivipelto, M., & Solomon, A. (2006) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2006.00685.x · Cited by 132
Lecozotan (SRA-333): A Selective Serotonin 1A Receptor Antagonist That Enhances the Stimulated Release of Glutamate and Acetylcholine in the Hippocampus and Possesses Cognitive-Enhancing Properties
Schechter, L. E., Smith, D. L., Rosenzweig-Lipson, S. J., Rizzo, S. J. S., Dawson, L. A., Marquis, K. L., Jones, D., Piesla, M. J., Andree, T. H., Nawoschik, S. P., et al. (2005) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.105.086363 · Cited by 132
O3‐04–07: Tau aggregation inhibitor (TAI) therapy with rember™ arrests disease progression in mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease over 50 weeks
Wischik, C. M., Bentham, P., Wischik, D., & Seng, K. M. (2008) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.438 · Cited by 118
Lithium reduces Gsk3b mRNA levels: implications for Alzheimer Disease
Mendes, C. T., Mury, F. B., Moreira, E. D. S., Alberto, F., Forlenza, O. V., Dias‐Neto, E., & Gattaz, W. F. (2008) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-008-0828-5 · Cited by 110
SB-742457 and donepezil in Alzheimer disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled study
Maher‐Edwards, G., Dixon, R., Hunter, J. A., Gold, M., Hopton, G., Jacobs, G., Hunter, J., & Williams, P. M. (2010) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.2562 · Cited by 105
Association of GSK3B with Alzheimer disease and frontotemporal dementia
Schaffer, B. A. J., Bertram, L., Miller, B. L., Mullin, K., Weintraub, S., Johnson, N., Bigio, E. H., Mesulam, M., Wiedau-Pazos, M., Jackson, G. R., et al. (2008) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.65.10.1368 · Cited by 100
Indomethacin Reverses the Microglial Response to Amyloid β-Protein
Netland, E. E., Newton, J. L., Majocha, R. E., & Tate, B. A. (1998) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(98)00047-5 · Cited by 94
The Potential Utility of 5-HT1A Receptor Antagonists in the Treatment of Cognitive Dysfunction Associated with Alzheimers Disease
Schechter, L. E., Dawson, L. A., & Harder, J. (2002) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612023396483 · Cited by 93
Statins for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease and dementia
Scott, H. D., & Laake, K. (2001) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003160 · Cited by 91
Cognitive performance in patients with Alzheimer's disease receiving cholinesterase inhibitors for up to 5 years
Bullock, R. M., & Dengiz, A. (2005) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1368-5031.2005.00562.x · Cited by 87
Tramiprosate, a drug of potential interest for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, promotes an abnormal aggregation of tau
Santa‐María, I., Hernández, F., Rio, J. D., Moreno, F. J., & Ávila, J. (2007) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/1750-1326-2-17 · Cited by 86
Reduced levels of Aβ 40 and Aβ 42 in brains of smoking controls and Alzheimer's patients
Hellström‐Lindahl, E., Mousavi, M. T., Ravid, R., & Nordberg, A. K. (2004) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2003.11.024 · Cited by 83
Modulating Excitatory Synaptic Neurotransmission: Potential Treatment for Neurological Disease?
Yamada, K. A. (1998) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1006/nbdi.1998.0190 · Cited by 74
Aspirin, NSAIDs, Risk of Dementia, and Influence of the Apolipoprotein E Epsilon 4 Allele in an Elderly Population
Cornelius, C., Fastbom, J., Winblad, B. G., & Viitanen, M. H. (2004) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000075957 · Cited by 66
The Early and Ongoing Experience with the Cholesterol-Fed Rabbit as a Model of Alzheimer's Disease: The Old, the New and the Pilot
Sparks, D. L. (2008) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2008-15410 · Cited by 62
Selective Phosphodiesterase (PDE)-4 Inhibitors
Ghavami, A., Hirst, W. D., & Novak, T. J. (2006) · Drugs in R&D · doi:10.2165/00126839-200607020-00001 · Cited by 61
The immune system, amyloid‐β peptide, and Alzheimer's disease
Weksler, M. E., Gouras, G. K., Relkin, N. R., & Szabo, P. (2005) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00264.x · Cited by 60
γ-Secretase: a complex target for Alzheimer's disease
Lundkvist, J., & Näslund, J. (2006) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2006.10.002 · Cited by 58
A Novel Neurotrophic Agent, T-817MA [1-{3-[2-(1-Benzothiophen-5-yl) Ethoxy] Propyl}-3-azetidinol Maleate], Attenuates Amyloid-β-Induced Neurotoxicity and Promotes Neurite Outgrowth in Rat Cultured Central Nervous System Neurons
Hirata, K., Yamaguchi, H., Takamura, Y., Takagi, A., Fukushima, T., Iwakami, N., Saitoh, A., Nakagawa, M., & Yamada, T. (2005) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.105.083543 · Cited by 52
Do cholinergic therapies have disease‐modifying effects in Alzheimer's disease?
Sabbagh, M. N., Farlow, M. R., Relkin, N. R., & Beach, T. G. (2006) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2006.02.001 · Cited by 48
Self-citation
Estrogens, Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators, and Dementia: What Is the Evidence?
YAFFE, K. (2001) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb04024.x · Cited by 43
Correlation of nicotinic binding with neurochemical markers in Alzheimer's disease
Sabbagh, M. N., Reid, R. T., Corey‐Bloom, J., Rao, T. S., Hansen, L. A., Alford, M. F., Masliah, E., Adem, A., Lloyd, G. K., & Thal, L. J. (1998) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s007020050090 · Cited by 34
Self-citation
O3‐04–05: Clinical trials of bapineuzumab, a beta‐amyloid‐targeted immunotherapy in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease
Grundman, M., & Black, R. S. (2008) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.436 · Cited by 30
SK-PC-B70M from Pulsatilla koreana improves scopolamine-induced impairments of memory consolidation and spatial working memory
Han, C.-K., Park, Y. H., Jin, D., Hwang, Y. K., Oh, K.-B., & Han, J. (2007) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.09.084 · Cited by 25
Frontal cortex ablation reversibly decreases striatal zif/268 and junB expression: Temporal correspondence with sensory neglect and its spontaneous recovery
Vargo, J. M., & Marshall, J. F. (1996) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2396(199604)22:4 · Cited by 24
S5‐01–05: Multi‐center, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of Simvastatin to slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease
Sano, M. C. (2008) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.562 · Cited by 23
Cholesterol and 24S-hydroxycholesterol trafficking in Alzheimer’s disease
Lukiw, W. J. (2006) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.6.5.683 · Cited by 20
SGS-742 Novartis.
Bullock, R. A. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 15
S2‐04–06: Safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of the Aβ immunotherapeutic vaccine CAD106 in a first‐in‐man study in Alzheimer patients
Winblad, B. G. (2008) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.295 · Cited by 13
Phenserine Axonyx.
Thatte, U. M. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 9
Effects of Rofecoxib or Naproxen vs Placebo on Alzheimer Disease Progression: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Aisen, P. S., Schafer, K. A., Grundman, M., Pfeiffer, E., Sano, M., Davis, K. L., Farlow, M. R., Jin, S., Thomas, R. G., Thal, L. J., et al. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.21.2819 · Cited by 5
Tramiprosate Falls Short in Phase III Alzheimer's Trial
SULLIVAN, M. G. (2007) · Clinical Psychiatry News · doi:10.1016/s0270-6644(07)70719-1 · Cited by 4
O3‐04–06: Efficacy and tolerability of SB‐742457, a novel 5HT6 receptor antagonist, in subjects with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD)
Zvartau-Hind, M. E., Maher‐Edwards, G., Hunter, J. A., Gold, M., Hopton, G., Davy, M., & Williams, P. M. (2008) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.437 · Cited by 2
S1‐02–05: Gamma‐secretase modulators, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, and Alzheimer's disease: A review and update
Koo, E. H. (2008) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.194 · Cited by 1

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Feldman, 2008, The LEADe study: A randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of atorvastatin on global and cognitive function in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease receiving background therapy of donepezil, Neurology, 71, 154
2007, Xaliproden (Xalprila) for Alzheimer's disease

Sorted by citations

The Amyloid Beta Peptide: A Chemist’s Perspective. Role in Alzheimer’s and Fibrillization
Hamley, I. W. (2012) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr3000994 · Cited by 892
The Alzheimer’s disease mitochondrial cascade hypothesis: progress and perspectives
Swerdlow, R. H., Burns, J. M., & Khan, S. M. (2014) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.09.010 · Cited by 786
Early Clinical PET Imaging Results with the Novel PHF-Tau Radioligand [F18]-T808
Chien, D. T., Szardenings, A. K., Bahri, S., Walsh, J. C., Mu, F., Xia, C. A., Shankle, W. R., Lerner, A. J., Su, M., Elizarov, A. M., et al. (2013) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-130098 · Cited by 683
Recent advances in the multitarget‐directed ligands approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Leon, R. M., García, A. G., & Marco, J. L. (2011) · Medicinal Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/med.20248 · Cited by 447
New Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease
Mehta, M., Adem, A., & Sabbagh, M. N. (2011) · International Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.1155/2012/728983 · Cited by 436
Self-citation

See all 149

Authors: Sabbagh, M. N.
Affiliations: Banner Sun Health Research Institute (US)
Corresponding author: Sabbagh, Marwan N.
ORCID: Sabbagh, Marwan N.
Venue: The American journal of geriatric pharmacotherapy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-06
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Pages: 167-185
ISSN: 1543-5946 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjopharm.2009.06.003
PMC: PMC2948028
OpenAlex: W2004845278
Cited by: 147
References: 95
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 2.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: The American Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Pfizer
National Institute for Health and Care Research
Eisai
National Health Research Institutes
National Institutes of Health
National Institute on Aging (P30AG019610)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, drug development, pharmacotherapy, clinical trials, dementia prevention, Ginkgo biloba, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, phenserine, statins, tramiprosate, dimebon, huperzine A, intravenous immunoglobulin, methylene blue
MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Humans, Drug Design, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Drug Delivery Systems, Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic, Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Drug development for Alzheimer's disease: Where are we now and where are we headed?

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks