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Cited by 147Optimal Power Flow DistributionIntegrated Energy Systems OptimizationSmart Grid Energy Management

Heat pump and PV impact on residential low-voltage distribution grids as a function of building and district properties

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Protopapadaki, Christina, Saelens, Dirk·2017·Applied Energy
DOI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.11.103
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  • The power consumption from electric vehicles and heat pumps coincides with the residential evening peak load.

    “Furthermore, the power consumption from these technologies coincides with the residential evening peak load [5].”

    From Congestion mitigation in unbalanced residential networks with OPF-based demand management (2022) · cites this paper as [5]

    Section 3.3 (Load profile analysis; page unavailable) reports that adding heat-pump loads raises residential feeder peaks and that back-up heaters coincide with high heat-pump peaks. It does not establish that those loads coincide with the residential evening peak. Section 3.2 (Overview; page unavailable) mentions electric vehicles only as a future additional load, without stating when they draw power. (LLM, conf=0.78)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • High penetration of single-phase rooftop PV on LV feeders can lead to voltage rise, increased phase unbalance, neutral-to-ground voltage issues, and reverse power flows, particularly in lightly loaded residential networks.

    “High penetration of single-phase rooftop PV on low voltage (LV) feeders can lead to voltage rise, increased phase unbalance, neutral-to-ground voltage issues, and reverse power flows, particularly in lightly loaded residential networks [5][6][7].”

    From Voltage Regulation in Rooftop PV-Rich Distribution Networks: A Review and Detailed Case Study (2026) · cites this paper as [7]

    The Introduction identifies voltage rise, reverse power flow, and voltage unbalance as potential PV-related effects, and the building-model description says the buildings have single-phase connections. The copy does not identify neutral-to-ground voltage issues or establish that these effects are particularly pronounced in lightly loaded residential networks. The Conclusion also qualifies the paper’s own results: PV did not cause over-voltage under the studied conditions. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Protopapadaki, C., & Saelens, D.
Affiliations
KU Leuven (BE)
Corresponding author
Protopapadaki, Christina
ORCID
Venue
Applied Energy
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2017-04
Volume
192
Pages
268-281
ISSN
0306-2619 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.11.103
OpenAlex
W2558336743
Cited by
147
References
44
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9
FWCI
5.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
erratum (2017-11-01)
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Applied Energy (publishedVersion)
  • Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders
Fundamental study of a greenhouse gas emission-free energy system
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Optimal Power Flow Distribution
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Integrated Energy Systems Optimization
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Smart Grid Energy Management
Keywords
heat pumps, photovoltaics, low-voltage distribution networks, grid impact, air-source heat pump, building characteristics, building insulation, occupant behavior, electricity profile, electrification of heating, renewable energy, Monte Carlo simulation, Modelica

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