Thermochromic smart window technologies for building application: A review

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Switchable Materials for Smart Windows

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Introducing novel configurations for double-glazed windows with lower energy loss

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Regulation of phase transition temperature and preparation for doping-VO2 smart thermal control films

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Core‐Shell Micro‐ and Nano‐Structures for The Modification of Light‐Surface Interactions

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Thermochromic Ni(II) Organometallics With High Optical Transparency and Low Phase‐Transition Temperature for Energy‐Saving Smart Windows

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Electrically powered active smart windows

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Thermochromic Vanadium Dioxide Nanostructures for Smart Windows and Radiative Cooling

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Energy-Efficient Smart Window Based on a Thermochromic Hydrogel with Adjustable Critical Response Temperature and High Solar Modulation Ability

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Exploring the potential of organic thermochromic materials in textile applications

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Literature review of solar control smart building glazing: Technologies, performance, and research insights

Teixeira, H., Moret, A. R., Aelenei, D., & Gomes, M. G. (2025) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112784 · Cited by 32

Thermal optimization of a novel thermo-optically responsive SS-PCM coatings for building enclosures

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Smart switchable glazing systems in Saudi Arabia: A review

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Performance Evaluation and Design of Thermo-Responsive SMP Shading Prototypes

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Impacts of thermo-optical properties on the seasonal operation of thermochromic smart window

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Multi‐stimuli‐responsive and Multi‐functional Smart Windows

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Active and passive modulation of solar light transmittance in a uniquely multifunctional dual-band single molecule for smart window applications

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Multi‐Stimuli Responsive Thiazolothiazole Viologen‐Containing Poly(2‐Isopropyl‐2‐Oxazoline) and Its Multi‐Modal Thermochromism, Photochromism, Electrochromism, and Solvatofluorochromism Applications

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Comprehensive analysis on building performance enhancement based on selective split-band modulated adaptive thermochromic windows

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Next generation building materials for energy efficiency and climate responsive design

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Dynamics of Electrically Driven Cholesteric Liquid Crystals by Triboelectrification and Their Application in Self-Powered Information Securing and Vision Correcting

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Condensation Effects on Energy Performance of Building Window Systems

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Smart glazing thermal comfort improvement through near-infrared shielding paraffin incorporated SnO2-Al2O3 composite

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Scalable Fabrication of Thermochromic Smart Windows for Broadening Temperature Ranges and Their Coupled Thermoelectric Power Generation

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A review of energy materials studied by in situ /operando synchrotron x-ray spectro-microscopy

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Concomitant Thermochromic and Phase‐Change Effect in a Switchable Spin Crossover Material for Efficient Passive Control of Day and Night Temperature Fluctuations

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Switchable Dielectric Two-Dimensional Lead-Free Perovskite with Reversible Thermochromic Response

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Experimental investigation on indoor daylight environment of building with Cadmium Telluride photovoltaic window

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Evaluating the Effect of Window-to-Wall Ratios on Cooling-Energy Demand on a Typical Summer Day

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Building retrofit technology strategy and effectiveness evaluation for reducing energy use by indoor air quality control

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Energy assessment of gasochromic smart windows for a high-rise apartment block in a temperate climate

Morrey, H. S. K., & Ghosh, A. (2024) · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2024.108625 · Cited by 25

Research progress of MOF electrochromic materials

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Compatibility between thermochromic pigments and Portland cement-based materials

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Thermo-optical performance of molecular solar thermal energy storage films

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Achieving transmissive-to-black chromism via engineered dual electro-thermoresponsive single-molecule for full modulation of solar transmittance

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Electro-optical characteristics of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal containing copper (II) phthalocyanine as a function of UV irradiation time

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VO 2 Nanoparticles‐Based Thermochromic Smart Windows

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Futures for electrochromic windows on high performance houses in arid, cold climates

Villa, D., Hahn, N. T., Grey, J. K., & Pavich, F. (2024) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114293 · Cited by 24

Synergistic Effect of Paraffin-Incorporated In2O3/ZnO Multifold Smart Glazing Composite for the Self-Cleaning and Energy-Saving Built Environment

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Multi-Objective Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis of Building Envelopes and Solar Panels Using Intelligent Algorithms

Zhao, N., Zhang, J., Dong, Y., & Ding, C. (2024) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings14103134 · Cited by 26

Reconfigurable, zero-energy, and wide-temperature loss-assisted thermal nonreciprocal metamaterials

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Bistable polymer-stabilized cholesteric-liquid-crystal window based on flexoelectric and dielectric effects

Zhou, Z., Zhang, X., Halder, S., Hu, L., & Yang, D. (2024) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.21.024045 · Cited by 21

Development and evaluation of the energy-saving effect of photothermal cooperative composite hydrogel smart window

Zhou, Y., He, Y., Qi, S., Zhao, S., Wang, L., & Xu, Q. (2024) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2024.158792 · Cited by 21

Employing thermochromic material to improve the building thermal environment in Qingdao city

Hu, C., Fu, W., Meng, X., He, F., & Fukuda, H. (2025) · Case Studies in Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.csite.2025.106351 · Cited by 21

Design and optimization of thermally responsive autonomous dynamic glazed attachment systems for building solar heat gain control

Ardabili, N. G., Feng, Y., & Wang, J. (2023) · Building Simulation · doi:10.1007/s12273-023-0993-5 · Cited by 21

Development of an innovative translucent–photoluminescent coating for smart windows applications: An experimental and numerical investigation

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Novel sunlight-driven Cu 7 S 4 /VO 2 composite films for smart windows

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Cutting-edge infrared thermal management materials: principles, modulation modes and applications

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Infrared stealth nanofibrous composite with thermal stability and mechanical flexibility

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Combining reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and thiol-ene click reaction for application of core-shell structured VO2@polymer nanoparticles to smart window

Zhao, X., Sun, J., Ma, J., Liu, T., Guo, Z., Yang, Z. C., Yao, W., & Jiang, X. (2022) · Sustainable materials and technologies · doi:10.1016/j.susmat.2022.e00420 · Cited by 20

Microstructure control and property switching in stress-free van der Waals epitaxial VO2 films on mica

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Cephalopods’ Skin‐Inspired Design of Nanoscale Electronic Transport Layers for Adaptive Electrochromic Tuning

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Photothermal synergistic modulation of patterned VO2-Based composite films for smart windows

Ou, Y., Ji, H., Wang, Y., Liu, B., Chen, Y., Tao, J., Huang, Y. H., & Wang, J. (2024) · Solar Energy · doi:10.1016/j.solener.2024.112808 · Cited by 18

Cellulose-based hydrogel simultaneously possessing solar and evaporative cooling performances for energy-saving window and personal thermal management

Tian, Y., Sun, M., Sun, H. Q., Liu, Y., & Ju, B. (2024) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.123148 · Cited by 18

Global and regional perspectives on optimizing thermo-responsive dynamic windows for energy-efficient buildings

Gao, Y., Jonsson, J. C., Curcija, D., Vidanovic, S., & Hong, T. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-54967-8 · Cited by 18

Innovative dual-band energy-efficient smart windows using VO2(M)-Based Fabry-Pérot structures for solar and radiative cooling modulation

Keum, J., Choi, J., Kim, S., Kang, G., Lee, M. J., Lee, M. J., & Kim, W. (2025) · Materials Today Physics · doi:10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.101665 · Cited by 18

The Effect of Smart Colored Windows on Visual Performance of Buildings

Matin, N. H., Eydgahi, A. M., & Matin, P. H. (2022) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings12060861 · Cited by 18

Comfort assessment and energy performance analysis of a novel adjustable semi-transparent photovoltaic window under different rule-based controls

Tan, Y., Peng, J., Wang, M., Luo, Y., Song, A., & Li, N. (2023) · Building Simulation · doi:10.1007/s12273-023-1011-7 · Cited by 20

Reversible phase transition and thermochromic response in hybrid copper-based perovskites

Teri, G., Jia, Q., Luo, Q.-F., Ni, H., Fu, D., & Guo, Q. (2023) · Journal of Materials Chemistry C · doi:10.1039/d3tc01087b · Cited by 18

Carbon Doped Boron Nitride Nano‐Coatings for Durable, Low Emissivity Glass Windows

Biswas, A., Wang, S., Milne, C. L., Alvarez, G. A., Islam, M. A., Pieshkov, T. S., Terlier, T., Li, T., Murukeshan, J., Gray, T., et al. (2025) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202507557 · Cited by 17

Smart Skin for Zero Energy Buildings: A Review of Thermoresponsive Spectral‐Adaptive Envelopes

Liu, S., Chen, G., Li, J., & Cao, S. (2025) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202511392 · Cited by 17

Bandwidth-tunable THz absorber based on diagonally distributed double-sized VO2 disks

Liang, J., Zhang, K., Lei, D., Yu, L., & Wang, S. (2021) · Applied Optics · doi:10.1364/ao.417054 · Cited by 17

High-conductivity screen-printable silver nanowire Ink for optically transparent flexible radio frequency electronics

Vaseem, M., Akhter, Z., Li, W., Yarali, E., Anthopoulos, T. D., & Shamim, A. (2022) · Flexible and Printed Electronics · doi:10.1088/2058-8585/ac97a4 · Cited by 17

Influences of the window size and reflectivity on surrounding thermal environment

Zhang, J., Li, Z., Wei, Y., & Hu, D. (2023) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.122536 · Cited by 17

Thermoresponsive ionogels

Zhou, Q., & Men, Y. (2024) · Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d4py00430b · Cited by 17

Micro/nanofabrication of heat management materials for energy-efficient building facades

Wang, G., Ryu, K., Dong, Z., Ke, Y., Ke, Y., Dong, Z., & Long, Y. (2024) · Microsystems & Nanoengineering · doi:10.1038/s41378-024-00744-y · Cited by 17

Polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals enhanced by functional nanofibers loaded with CuS NPs and ATO NPs for efficient smart windows and advanced infrared camouflage/anti-counterfeiting technologies

Wang, X., Lu, Y., Qiu, T., Yang, D., Zhao, Y., Wang, D., Zhang, Y., He, Z., Miao, Z., & Luan, Y. (2024) · Applied Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102540 · Cited by 16

Design and characterization of a SiO2-TiO2 coating containing organic and inorganic thermochromic pigments and optimized with TiO2-P25 for improved long-term performance in energy-efficient roofing

Hidalgo-Araujo, A. C., Salomão, R., Berardi, U., & Dornelles, K. A. (2025) · Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells · doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113655 · Cited by 16

A novel solar-based human-centered framework to evaluate comfort-energy performance of thermochromic smart windows with advanced optical regulation

He, Y., Liu, S., & Tso, C. Y. (2022) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112638 · Cited by 16

Effect of the material color on optical properties of thermochromic coatings employed in buildings

Liu, S., Liu, Z., Wang, J., Ding, X., & Meng, X. (2023) · Case Studies in Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.csite.2023.102916 · Cited by 16

The Ambiguous Origin of Thermochromism in Molecular Crystals of Dichalcogenides: Chalcogen Bonds versus Dynamic Se−Se/Te−Te Bonds

Thomas, S. P., Singh, A., Grosjean, A., Alhameedi, K., Grønbech, T. B. E., Piltz, R. O., Edwards, A. J., & Iversen, B. B. (2023) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202311044 · Cited by 16

Graphene and Graphene Derived Nanomaterials as Versatile Candidates for Organic Solar Cells and Smart Windows Applications – A Review

Ferry, D. B., Rasheed, T., Anwar, M. T., & Imran, M. (2024) · ChemistrySelect · doi:10.1002/slct.202301442 · Cited by 16

Design and Energy Performance Analysis of a Hotel Building in a Hot and Dry Climate: A Case Study

Kobeyev, S., Tokbolat, S., & Durdyev, S. (2021) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en14175502 · Cited by 15

Evaluation of Numerical Methods for Predicting the Energy Performance of Windows

Pavlenko, А., & Sadko, K. (2023) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en16031425 · Cited by 15

Daylighting and energy performance of the window with transparent insulation slats in the humid subtropical climate zone

Wang, X., Zhang, L., Su, X., & Huixian, Y. (2023) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.113685 · Cited by 15

Effect of window orientation on the thermal performance of electrochromic glass

Wen, J., Sun, J. P., & Meng, X. (2025) · Case Studies in Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.csite.2025.105990 · Cited by 15

CFD analysis of environmental impacts on a thermochromic smart window

Tao, Y., Zhang, H., Yan, Y., Tu, J. Y., & Shi, L. X. (2022) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112027 · Cited by 15

Self-Adaptive PDLC Control Strategy With Smart Light Intensity Adjustment Using Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric Hybrid Energy Supply Technology

Wang, N., Wang, A., Zhang, C., Shan, H., Jia, H., Zheng, J.-H., Liu, Y.-R., & Zuo, L. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2022.3224166 · Cited by 14

Collaborative Optimized Design of Glazing Parameters and PCM Utilization for Energy-Efficient Glass Curtain Wall Buildings

Zheng, X., Liang, Y., Yang, H., Zeng, Y., & Cui, H. (2024) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings14010256 · Cited by 14

Sodium alginate grafted phase-changing electrolyte for energy-efficient thermochromic and electrochromic synergy with uniquely tunable optical states and simultaneous Vis-NIR modulation

Chavan, P. V., Rathod, P. V., & Kim, H. (2024) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2024.154835 · Cited by 13

In situ synthesis of highly dispersed VO2(M) nanoparticles on glass surface for energy efficient smart windows

Li, B., Tian, S., Qian, J., Wu, S., Liu, B., & Zhao, X. (2022) · Ceramics International · doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.09.199 · Cited by 14

Optimization Analysis of an Energy-Saving Renovation Scheme for Building Envelopes of Existing Rural Houses Based on a Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation

Cao, P. Z., Sun, Q., Li, H., & Jiao, Y. (2024) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings14020454 · Cited by 15

BN fiber aerogels with high solar reflectivity and thermal insulation for green buildings

Liu, Z., Liu, F., An, J., Tang, W., Xu, G., Lan, H., Zhu, X., & Yang, W. (2024) · Ceramics International · doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.09.011 · Cited by 13

Thermochromic materials for building Applications: Overview through a bibliometric analysis

Hidalgo-Araujo, A. C., Salomão, R., Berardi, U., & Dornelles, K. A. (2025) · Solar Energy · doi:10.1016/j.solener.2025.113491 · Cited by 13

Glare-Free, Energy-Efficient Smart Windows: A Pedestrian-Friendly System with Dynamically Tunable Light and Heat Regulation

Jo, H. J., Jang, Y. J., Kim, H., Kim, K., & Moon, H. C. (2025) · ACS Energy Letters · doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.5c00637 · Cited by 13

Investigation of the Effect of Roof Color on the Energy Use of a Selected House in Amman, Jordan

Alrwashdeh, S. S., Qadourah, J. A., & Al-Falahat, A. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering · doi:10.3389/fmech.2022.897170 · Cited by 13

An energy analysis of translucent concrete embedded with inclined optical fibers

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