The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Stress and eating: the effects of ego-threat and cognitive demand on food intake in restrained and emotional eaters
Open accessAbstract
Restrained and emotional eaters overeat in response to stress. To compare differential effects of cognitive demand and ego-threatening stressors on subsequent chocolate intake, 38 females completed a neutral (control), an ego threatening and an incongruent Stroop colour-naming task on three separate occasions. Participants were assigned to four groups based on median-split scores on the restrained and emotional eating scales of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire-high restraint/high emotional, high restraint/low emotional, low restraint/high emotional and low restraint/low emotional. Higher response latencies were observed in the incongruent task, confirming its greater cognitive (attentional) demand. Overall intake was enhanced by 23% after ego-threat and 15% after the incongruent Stroop task relative to control. Restraint was associated with greater intake after both ego-threat and the incongruent task than in the control condition. In contrast, emotional eating was associated with greater intake after only the ego-threat, relative to control. A positive association between reaction time and subsequent intake in all conditions for high restraint/low emotional eaters provided support for the limited capacity hypothesis. Enhanced intake in emotional eaters is proposed to relate to escape from self-awareness. These findings demonstrate differential effects of threat and demand on stress-related eating in restrained and emotional eaters.
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Stress, eating and the reward system
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“For example, Wallis and Hetherington [65] showed that while restraint was associated with greater food intake after stressors, as commonly found, emotional eating was linked to increased intake only after an ego-threat stressor.”
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“…in response to negative emotions, but also to positive emotions (Cools, Schotte, & McNnally, 1992; Tuschen et al., 1993) and cognitive demand (e.g. Wallis & Hetherington, 2004); it remains, however, to be examined whether emotional eaters’ intake can also be increased by positive emotions and…”
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“to disruption of restraint and so overeating, especially of sweet fatty foods [77–80].”
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“Wallis and Hetherington (2004) found both variables were important in understanding hyperphagic responses to stress, although, these authors did not directly compare their relative importance.”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Wallis, D. J., & Hetherington, M. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hetherington, M.M.
- Venue
- Appetite
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-08
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 39-46
- ISSN
- 0195-6663 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1996434438
- Cited by
- 278
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 9.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- dspace.lboro.ac.uk
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- Locations
- Appetite (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DMU Open Research Archive (De Montfort University) (submittedVersion)
- Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Loughborough University Research Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- stress eating, ego threat, cognitive demand, dietary intake, dietary restraint, emotional eating, Stroop task, self-awareness, reaction time
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Appetite, Eating, Ego, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Interpersonal Relations, Netherlands, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological
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