Cited by 136Aquaculture Nutrition and GrowthAquaculture disease management and microbiotaFatty Acid Research and Health

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Microalgae and organic minerals enhance lipid retention efficiency and fillet quality in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Kousoulaki, K., Mørkøre, T., Nengas, I., Berge, R.K., Sweetman, J.·2016·Aquaculture

DOI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.08.027

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Abstract

Pure spray dried DHA rich microalgae biomass (Schizochytrium sp.) was used to replace fish oil as a source of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) in medium (150gkg−1; MF) and low fish (100gkg−1; LF) meal diets for Atlantic salmon post smolt supplemented with either inorganic or organic minerals (OM: Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe and Se). The diets were balanced for total saturated fatty acids (SFA), sum DHA+EPA and n-3/n-6 ratio and had similar protein and energy digestibility and high pellet technical quality. Lipid digestibility was above 90% in all diets, nevertheless 2.3% lower in the diet containing 50gkg−1 microalgae, compared to the control, mainly due to the lower digestibility of SFA in the microalgae rich diets. The experimental fish grew from 0.4kg to 1.1kg with no significant differences in growth rate (TGC 3.7–3.8) or feed conversion ratio (FCR 0.7) among the dietary treatments. The retention efficiency of EPA+DHA in salmon body was significantly improved in the fish fed diets containing increasing levels of microalgae, and thus lower EPA/DHA ratios. Moreover, liver lipid levels were decreased and dress-out percentage increased by increasing microalgae dietary supplementation level. The fillet levels of SFA and DHA+EPA were similar for all treatments. Improved fillet quality in terms of lower gaping scores was observed with increasing dietary inclusion level of Schizochytrium sp. and even more pronounced for salmon fed organic minerals. No significant effects on fish blood plasma chemistry and whole body mineral content were observed.Aquaculture is in urgent need of adequate volumes of new LCn-3PUFA sources, alternative to fish oil. The current work documents the feasibility of using practically relevant levels of heterotrophic microalgae as LCn-3PUFA source in the diet of Atlantic salmon in terms of extruded feed production feasibility, general fish performance, fish fillet product quality (nutritional and technical), nutrient retention efficiency and blood chemistry.

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Authors: Kousoulaki, K., Mørkøre, T., Nengas, I., Berge, R. K., & Sweetman, J.
Affiliations: Nofima (NO)
Alltech (Ireland) (IE)
University of Bergen (NO)
Corresponding author: Kousoulaki, K.
ORCID: Kousoulaki, K.
Mørkøre, T.
Nengas, I.
Venue: Aquaculture
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2016-01
Volume: 451
Pages: 47-57
ISSN: 0044-8486 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.08.027
OpenAlex: W1456780341
Cited by: 136
References: 54
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 3
FWCI: 12.47
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Aquaculture (publishedVersion)
Funders: Alltech Inc
Alltech-Nofima Strategic Research Alliance
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
Keywords: Atlantic salmon, Schizochytrium, microalgae, fish oil replacement, n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid, EPA, lipid retention, fillet quality, organic minerals, selenium, zinc, copper, manganese, iron, fat digestibility, fatty acid composition, gaping, fish growth, feed conversion ratio

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Microalgae and organic minerals enhance lipid retention efficiency and fillet quality in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

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