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Cited by 172Heavy Metal Exposure and ToxicityPharmaceutical Quality and CounterfeitingHeavy Metals in Plants

Comparative study of heavy metals content in cosmetic products of different countries marketed in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Open access
Ullah, Hussain, Noreen, Shamsa, Fozia, Rehman, Ali, Waseem, Amir, Zubair, Shumaila, Adnan, Muhammad, Ahmad, Ijaz·2017·Arabian Journal of Chemistry
DOI 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.09.021
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Abstract

The study was undertaken in order to determine heavy metal content in fifteen (n = 15) cosmetics products both imported and locally manufactured by unauthorized company marketed at district Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. An analytical test was performed for eight metals in cosmetics products using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The overall mean (n = 15) concentration for each heavy metal was analyzed i.e. Pb, Cd, Cu, Co, Fe, Cr, Ni, Zn were 141.6 ± 0.016, 0.238 ± 0.001, 26.62 ± 0.012, 0.527 ± 0.002, 860.8 ± 0.061, 0.074 ± 0.002, 0.674 ± 0.002 and 268.6 ± 0.086 μg/g, respectively. The results of our study revealed that the concentrations of Fe, Zn, Pb and Cu in the samples within each class under investigation were higher. It also emphasize that the spurious nature of these products cannot be ignored because most of the developing and under developed countries are facing the problems to manufacture good cosmetics products. Hence, are selling these products under the brand name of well reputed national and international companies. Since no safe limit relating to cosmetic products is available in Pakistan, it is therefore difficult to ascertain if the values of metals obtained in this study are too high or low. Prolonged use of such products containing these elements may pose threat to human health and could curb the beauty of the environment.

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  • Only the European Union is known to have strict regulations against arsenic, banning it from use in cosmetics.

    “Although past studies have shown that Arsenic is present in a range of cosmetic products such as eye shadows, lotions and lipsticks, only the European Union is known to have strict regulations against the metal, banning it from use in cosmetics.35”

    From The Evaluation of Total Mercury and Arsenic in Skin Bleaching Creams Commonly used in Trinidad and Tobago and their Potential Risk to the People of the Caribbean (2017) · cites this paper as [35]

    In §1.1.2 (page unavailable), the paper says an EU directive banned certain heavy metals in cosmetics, but its list does not include arsenic. Its discussion of regulatory limits (page unavailable) also gives a Canadian limit for arsenic in cosmetics. The paper therefore does not support the claimed EU ban on arsenic or the claim that only the EU regulates it. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 15

  1. Al-Dayel O., Hefne J., Al-Ajyan T., . Human exposure to heavy metals from cosmetics. Orient. J. Chem.. 2011;27(1):01-11.
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  8. ChaoYang Zhao et al., Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2023
  9. Nuttapon Apiratikul et al., Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2023
  10. Hina Abbasi et al., Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2025
  11. Alyah Buzid et al., Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2026
  12. Tablo Abdulrahim Ahmed, Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 2024
  13. Tavafi et al., Journal of Environmental Health Engineering, 2024
  14. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2024
  15. Journal of Supercomputing, 2025

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Authors
Ullah, H., Noreen, S., Fozia, Rehman, A., Waseem, A., Zubair, S., Adnan, M., & Ahmad, I.
Affiliations
  • Quaid-i-Azam University (PK)
  • Kohat University of Science and Technology (PK)
Corresponding author
  • Ullah, Hussain
  • Ahmad, Ijaz
ORCID
Venue
Arabian Journal of Chemistry
Publisher
Scientific Scholar
Published
2017-01
Volume
10
Issue
1
Pages
10-18
ISSN
1878-5352 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.09.021
OpenAlex
W1985039382
Cited by
172
References
27
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 2
FWCI
6.13
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Arabian Journal of Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Pharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeiting
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Heavy Metals in Plants
Keywords
heavy metals, cosmetics, lead, cadmium, copper, iron, zinc, cobalt, chromium, nickel, imported cosmetics, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, human health risk

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