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Cited by 371Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchPhysical Activity and HealthCognitive Functions and Memory

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 104 of the 104 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Combined physical and cognitive training for older adults with and without cognitive impairment: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Open access
Gavelin, Hanna Malmberg, Dong, Christopher, Minkov, Ruth, Bahar-Fuchs, Alex, Ellis, Kathryn A, Lautenschlager, Nicola T, Mellow, Maddison L, Wade, Alexandra T, Smith, Ashleigh E, Finke, Carsten, Krohn, Stephan, Lampit, Amit·2021·Ageing Research Reviews
DOI 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101232

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Abstract

Combining physical exercise with cognitive training is a popular intervention in dementia prevention trials and guidelines. However, it remains unclear what combination strategies are most beneficial for cognitive and physical outcomes. We aimed to compare the efficacy of the three main types of combination strategies (simultaneous, sequential or exergaming) to either intervention alone or control in older adults. Randomized controlled trials of combined cognitive and physical training were included in multivariate and network meta-analyses. In cognitively healthy older adults and mild cognitive impairment, the effect of any combined intervention relative to control was small and statistically significant for overall cognitive (k = 41, Hedges' g = 0.22, 95 % CI 0.14 to 0.30) and physical function (k = 32, g = 0.25, 95 % CI 0.13 to 0.37). Simultaneous training was the most efficacious approach for cognition, followed by sequential combinations and cognitive training alone, and significantly better than physical exercise. For physical outcomes, simultaneous and sequential training showed comparable efficacy as exercise alone and significantly exceeded all other control conditions. Exergaming ranked low for both outcomes. Our findings suggest that simultaneously and sequentially combined interventions are efficacious for promoting cognitive alongside physical health in older adults, and therefore should be preferred over implementation of single-domain training.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101232

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Fig. 1 PRISMA flow chart
Fig. 1 PRISMA flow chartCC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF
Fig. 2 Network plot for (a) cognitive outcomes and (b) physical outcomes. The width of the lines represents the number of studies comparing each pair of treatments. The size of the circle represents the sample size in each arm. CT = cognitive training. Exg = exergaming. Passive = passive control. PE = physical exercise. Seq = sequential training. Sham = sham intervention. Sim = simultaneous training.
Fig. 2 Network plot for (a) cognitive outcomes and (b) physical outcomes. The width of the lines represents the number of studies comparing each pair of treatments. The size of the circle represents the sample size in each arm. CT = cognitive training. Exg = exergaming. Passive = passive control. PE = physical exercise. Seq = sequential training. Sham = sham intervention. Sim = simultaneous training.CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF
Fig. 3 Forest plot showing the relative ranking and effect estimate of interventions with passive control as reference for overall (a) cognitive and (b) physical outcomes. CT = cognitive training. Exg = exergaming. Passive = passive control. PE = physical exercise. Seq = sequential training. Sham = sham intervention. Sim = simultaneous training. g.
Fig. 3 Forest plot showing the relative ranking and effect estimate of interventions with passive control as reference for overall (a) cognitive and (b) physical outcomes. CT = cognitive training. Exg = exergaming. Passive = passive control. PE = physical exercise. Seq = sequential training. Sham = sham intervention. Sim = simultaneous training. g.CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF
Appendix E. Funnel plots of cognitive, physical and psychosocial outcomes
Appendix E. Funnel plots of cognitive, physical and psychosocial outcomesCC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF
Image 5
CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF
Image 6
CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF
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Authors
Gavelin, H. M., Dong, C., Minkov, R., Bahar-Fuchs, A., Ellis, K. A., Lautenschlager, N. T., Mellow, M. L., Wade, A. T., Smith, A. E., Finke, C., Krohn, S., & Lampit, A.
Affiliations
  • The University of Melbourne (AU)
  • University of South Australia (AU)
  • Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
Corresponding author
Lampit, Amit
ORCID
Venue
Ageing Research Reviews
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-03
Volume
66
Pages
101232
ISSN
1568-1637 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.arr.2020.101232
OpenAlex
W3108507079
Cited by
371
References
104
Citations by year
2026: 68 · 2025: 83 · 2024: 74 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 22
FWCI
6.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Ageing Research Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • medRxiv (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UniSA Research Outputs Repository (University of South Australia) (submittedVersion)
  • Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • University of Melbourne
  • National Health and Medical Research Council (GNT1171313)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
Keywords
older adults, mild cognitive impairment, dementia prevention, simultaneous training, sequential training, exergames, physical activity, cognitive training, physical function, cognitive function
MeSH terms
Network Meta-Analysis, Aged, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Cognitive Dysfunction

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