Western diet as a trigger of Alzheimer’s disease: From metabolic syndrome and systemic inflammation to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue

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Dementia prevention, intervention, and care

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Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies

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Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS

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2013 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

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Blood–brain barrier breakdown in Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative disorders

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The TREM2-APOE Pathway Drives the Transcriptional Phenotype of Dysfunctional Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases

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Comprehensive Review on Alzheimer’s Disease: Causes and Treatment

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Dynamics and functions of lipid droplets

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Multi-Omics Analyses Unveil the Effects of a Long-Term High-Salt, High-Fat, and High-Fructose Diet on Rats

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Concept and connotation of the geroprotective and anti-aging effects of metformin: From AMPK activation to SASP suppression

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Ernährung, Stoffwechsel, Gehirn und mentale Gesundheit

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Quantitative Blood Serum IVDr NMR Spectroscopy in Clinical Metabolomics of Cancer, Neurodegeneration, and Internal Medicine

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High fat diet induces differential age- and gender-dependent changes in neuronal function in Drosophila linked to redox stress

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Phytochemical studies of Gerbera jamesonii and evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential in formaldehyde-induced arthritis in rats

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Mori Cortex radicis extract protected against diet-induced neuronal damage by suppressing the AGE-RAGE/MAPK signaling pathway in C. elegans and mouse model

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On a New Paradigm of the Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases by the Example of Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease

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Nutrition and the state of the intestinal microflora in the formation of the metabolic syndrome

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Brain apolipoprotein E levels in mice challenged by a Western diet increase in an allele-dependent manner

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Ketogenic dietary lifestyle intervention effects on sleep, cognition, and behavior in mild cognitive impairment: Study design

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Resveratrol and salidroside, but not curcumin, improve cognition in mice with gut inflammation via microbiome modulation

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Gut microbiota and brain aging: a comparative review of African and western populations

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Trained immunity in neuroinflammation: emerging evidence, clinical perspectives, and future directions

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Beyond breastfeeding: a One Health Decalogue for nurturing the infant microbiota

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The relationship between dietary patterns and neuroinflammation

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Neuroinflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and chronic stress converge on the insular cortex in chronic pain

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Nanotechnological advancement for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders

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Enhancing Metabolic Syndrome Detection through Blood Tests Using Advanced Machine Learning

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Body Composition and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Holistic Review

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Liraglutide and denatonium benzoate attenuate T2DM-induced metabolic, neurological, and testicular changes in rats: Targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and BCRP transporter

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Soymilk yogurt prepared using Pediococcus pentosaceus TOKAI 759m ameliorates cognitive function through gut microbiota modulation in high-fat diet mice

Nakashima, Y., Hibi, T., Urakami, M., Hoshino, M., Morii, T., Sugawa, H., Katsuta, N., Tominaga, Y., Takahashi, H., Otomo, A., et al. (2025) · Current Research in Food Science · doi:10.1016/j.crfs.2025.100993 · Cited by 4

Role of Peripheral NLRP3 Inflammasome in Cognitive Impairments: Insights of Non-central Factors

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Traumatic brain injury from a peripheral axis perspective: Uncovering the roles of liver and adipose tissue in temperature regulation

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Longitudinal Association of Inflammatory Diets on Cognition in Older Adults: Insights from the Oral–Gut–Brain Axis

Chou, Y., Han, M., Chiu, T. H. T., Lee, M.-S., Chiou, J., Chen, J., & Chen, Y. (2025) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.19599 · Cited by 4

Molecular Aspects of a Diet as a New Pathway in the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

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Association between dietary inflammatory index score and incident dementia: results from the Framingham heart Study offspring cohortPreprint

van Lent, D. M., Mesa, H. G., Short, M. I., Gonzales, M. M., Aparicio, H. J., Salinas, J., Yuan, C., Jacques, P. F., Beiser, A., Seshadri, S. S., et al. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.08.21.23294374 · Cited by 4

Obesity as a catalyst for neurodegeneration

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From Lipids to Mitochondria: Shared Metabolic Alterations in Obesity and Alzheimer’s Disease

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Functional Medicine Approaches to Neurodegeneration

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Taking flight, the use of Drosophila melanogaster for neuroscience research in Uruguay

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Dietary strategies targeting the interplay between obesity and neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis

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Assessing Diet and Musculoskeletal Pain in Adults: Results From a Cross-Sectional Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

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Western diet induces mild metabolic impairment and aggravates neuropathology in an experimental mouse model of traumatic brain injury

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Reducing excess dietary saturated fat intake to improve cognition in vascular dementia

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Sex-dependent effects of carbohydrate source and quantity on caspase-1 activity in the mouse central nervous system

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Exploring the association between urticaria subtypes, anxiety, and depression and potential role of gut microbiota

Li, X., Wang, X., Zhu, L., Liu, J., Wang, J., & Chen, X. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.03.112 · Cited by 2

Exploring the correlation between pro-inflammatory dietary and lifestyle patterns and cognitive function: Cross-sectional results from the Moli-sani study

Bracone, F., Gialluisi, A., Bonaccio, M., Costanzo, S., Persichillo, M., Curtis, A. D., Magnacca, S., Panzera, T., Pepe, A., Esposito, S., et al. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.120216 · Cited by 1

Hormonal contraceptives modulate resilience to psychiatric and neurodegenerative disease

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Insulin Resistance Indices Predict Mortality in Cardiovascular Disease: A Large‐Scale NHANES Study With Machine Learning Validation

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DNA methylation and the APP gene: dietary influences in the context of Alzheimer’s disease—a mini review

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The gut-brain axis in Alzheimer’s disease: early detection, microbial metabolites, mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities

Liu, C., Zhu, Z., Lin, H., Bush, W. S., Jenq, R. R., Cominelli, F., Pillai, J. A., Haines, J. L., Zhu, X., Xu, R., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2026.1735332 · Cited by 2

Stress and nutrition (Literature review)

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The Possible Associations between Tauopathies and Atherosclerosis, Diabetes Mellitus, Dyslipidemias, Metabolic Syndrome and Niemann–Pick Disease

Fryncel, A., Madetko‐Alster, N., Krępa, Z., Kuch, M., & Alster, P. (2024) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics14161831 · Cited by 2

Understanding Alzheimer’s Disease by Targeting Gut Microbiota and Role of Heavy Metals: Insight from Novel Therapeutical Approach

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Undetected Association Between Fatty Acids and Dementia with Lewy Bodies: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

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Melanotan-II reverses memory impairment induced by a short-term HF diet

Wekwejt, P., Wojda, U., & Kiryk, A. (2023) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115129 · Cited by 1

Peripheral lymphocyte counts and regional cerebral blood flow on brain SPECT correlate in Alzheimer's disease: A retrospective cross-sectional study.

Miyazaki, H., Ide, K., Yamaguchi, H., Ogawa, M., Aoki, N., Katsuse, O., Odawara, T., & Asami, T. (2025) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149657 · Cited by 1

Exploring the relationship between dietary factors and structural brain alterations in a partial least squares correlation analysis

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Unmasking the hidden catalyst: How infections trigger Alzheimer's disease

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Chronic Exposure to Thermally Processed Food-Derived Carbon Polymers Accelerated Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer Disease Mice through Microbe–Gut–Brain Axis

Qi, Z., Li, Q., Cao, J., Xu, B., Jiang, F., Wang, Y., Wu, D., & Li, G. (2026) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5c11423 · Cited by 1

Transcriptomic Insights Into Alzheimer's Disease: Differentially Expressed Genes and Cholesterol Metabolism

Sun, R., Wang, X., Wang, Z., Li, C., Shao, Q., Liu, X., Zhu, H., Wang, S., & He, K. (2026) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cns.70833 · Cited by 1

The Neuroprotective Effect of a Waste Byproduct Obtained From Pomegranate ( Punica granatum )

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How do energy metabolism disorders and neuroinflammation collectively contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease?

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Reducing neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease with dietary compounds

Blake, S. M., Piboolnurak, P., Borman, P. L., Harding, T., & Blake, C. P. (2022) · GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.30574/gscbps.2022.18.2.0052 · Cited by 1

Food for Memory: A Review of the Effects of Diet on Alzheimer's Disease Progression

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Alzheimer Disease-Type 3 Diabetes: Traditional Review

Elkaan, B. T., Elmacıoğlu, F., & Ülker, M. T. (2023) · Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.5336/healthsci.2022-94043 · Cited by 1

Agri-food Waste: An Adjuvant for the Management of Oxidative Stress-related Disorders?

Mármol, I., & Pellicer, D. (2023) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/bk9781837670093-00045 · Cited by 1

Leisure activity engagement attenuates the risks of cognitive impairment induced by unhealthy plant-based diets: a nationwide cohort study

Chen, Y., Cao, Y., Fang, W., Sannoh, M., Zhang, H., Ni, R., & Pan, G. (2024) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/s41430-024-01499-5 · Cited by 1

Organic food consumption is positively associated with cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses

Li, S., Chen, H., Zhao, R., Wang, T., & Ye, J. (2024) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-024-03555-z · Cited by 1

Maternal Diet and Vulnerability to Cognitive Impairment in Adulthood: Possible Link with Alzheimer’s Disease?

Merle, L., Rastelli, M., Datiche, F., Véjux, A., Jacquin, A., Bouret, S. G., & Bénani, A. (2025) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000543499 · Cited by 1

Serum lipidomic analysis identifies potential therapeutic targets for neurodegeneration

Zhang, L., Li, D., Zhao, N., & Peng, G. (2025) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2025.1598495 · Cited by 1

Short-term high-fat diet elevates oxidative stress in male but not female A53T mice without altering striatal dopaminergic markers

Flenaugh, D., Pride, M., Chang, E. M., Chang, A. Y., Bethea, L., Maldonado‐Devincci, A. M., & Han, J. (2025) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115715 · Cited by 1

Mediterranean Diet Protects Against a Neuroinflammatory Cortical Transcriptome: Associations with Brain Volumetrics, Peripheral Inflammation, Social Isolation and AnxietyPreprint

Negrey, J. D., Frye, B. M., Johnson, C. S. C., Kim, J., Barcus, R. A., Lockhart, S. N., Whitlow, C. T., Sutphen, C. L., Chiou, K. L., Snyder‐Mackler, N., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.11.01.565068 · Cited by 1

Acarbose ameliorates Western diet-induced metabolic and cognitive impairments in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer’s diseasePreprint

Sonsalla, M. M., Babygirija, R., Johnson, M., Cai, Y. S., Cole, M., Yeh, C., Grunow, I., Liu, Y., Vertein, D., Calubag, M. F., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.06.27.600472 · Cited by 1

The vagus nerve promotes memory via septo-hippocampal acetylcholine: Implications for obesity-induced cognitive dysfunctionPreprint

Lauer, L. T., Décarie-Spain, L., Hayes, A., Suarez, A. N., Bashaw, A. G., Klug, M. E., Kao, A. E., Cheng, R., Rea, J. J., Subramanian, K. S., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.06.11.659206 · Cited by 1

Visual memory and alcohol use in a middle-aged birth cohort

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Curcumin-Nicotinate Attenuates Hippocampal Synaptogenesis Dysfunction in Hyperlipidemia Rats by the BDNF/TrkB/CREB Pathway: Involving Idol/LDLR Signaling to Eliminate Aβ Deposition

Wang, L., Liu, J., Peng, Y.-Z., Zhang, C., Zou, W., Liu, F., Zhan, K., & Zhang, P. (2022) · Natural Product Communications · doi:10.1177/1934578x221141162

Precision Nutrition and Metabolomics, a Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Ledinger, S., Ludwig-Papst, C., & Scheffler, M. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-10153-3_7

THE INFLUENCE OF STIMULATION OF ORGANISM WITH BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE ON THE BACKGROUND OF METABOLIC SYNDROME MODELING ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN RAT HEART

Akimov, O. Y., Mykytenko, A. О., Kostenko, V. О., & Yeroshenko, G. А. (2023) · World of Medicine and Biology · doi:10.26724/2079-8334-2023-2-84-176-180

Mózg na talerzu, czyli o wpływie diety na rozwój choroby Alzheimera

Bryszkowska, K. (2023) · Tutoring Gedanensis · doi:10.26881/tutg.2023.2.01

Taste receptor type 1 member 3 mediates diet-induced cognitive impairment in mice

Lee, K.-H., Song, J. W., Kim, C.-S., Seong, H., Shin, D., & Shon, W.-J. (2023) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122194

The role of kidney function in the association between pro- inflammatory diet and cognitive impairment: NHANES from 2011 - 2014Preprint

Duan, W., Yuan, B., & Xia, Z. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3402224/v1

Effect of Diet Patterns in the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease

Cosio, D. S., Rodriguez, S., Jayakumar, A. R., & Paidas, M. J. (2023) · Nutritional neurosciences · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-0677-2_13

Review of the determinants contributing to the demographics of Alzheimer’s syndrome: Prevention techniques, risk factors, and insights for public health

Verma, P. S., Patel, G. M., Malathi, H., & Kumar, A. M. V. (2024) · Multidisciplinary Reviews · doi:10.31893/multirev.2023ss010

No replication of Alzheimer’s disease genetics as a moderator of the association between combat exposure and PTSD risk in 138,592 combat veterans

Wolf, E. J., Miller, M. W., Zhang, R., Sherva, R., Harrington, K. M., Fonda, J. R., Daskalakis, N. P., Gaziano, J. M., & Logue, M. W. (2024) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-024-00225-1 · Cited by 1

Mechanism of high-fat diet causing metabolic cognitive decline in lipid metabolism disordersPreprint

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Discovery of Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarkers Based on Single-Cell Sequencing Bioinformatics Analysis

张, 义. (2024) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2024.1461772

The Western Diet Puzzle: Connecting Metabolic Dysfunction to Cognitive and Neurological Consequences

Ibeh, S., Babale, I., Nwaiwu, J. I., Reslan, M. A., Mohamed, W. M. Y., Goli, M., Mechref, Y. S., & Kobeissy, F. H. (2024) · Nutritional neurosciences · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-2681-3_21

Standard diet and animal source influence hippocampal spatial reference learning and memory in congenic C57BL/6J micePreprint

Hart, D. W., Sherman, M. A., Kim, M., Pelzel, R. J., Brown, J. L., & Lesné, S. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4582616/v1

High fat diet induces differential age- and gender-dependent changes in neuronal function linked to redox stressPreprint

de Lange, M., Yarosh, V., Farell, K., Oates, C., Patil, R., Hawthorn, I., Jung, M.-M., Wenje, S., & Steinert, J. R. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.07.12.603123

Risk Management

Bonner‐Jackson, A. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197690024.003.0015

Gut microbiome, epigenetics, and neuro-inflammatory disease

Warren, A., Nyavor, Y., Zarabian, N., Mahoney, A., & Frame, L. A. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-18979-1.00012-5

DISBIOSE DO TRATO GASTROINTESTINAL E DOENÇA DE ALZHEIMER

Baciuk-Souza, L., Baciuk, É. P., & Toma, M. D. A. (2024) · Intellectus Saúde · doi:10.21116/is.v1i1.954

Water Extract of Djulis Husk Exerts Protective Effect Against Metabolic Syndrome

Wu, L.-Y., Hung, W., Cheng, L., Su, Z., & Hsu, B. (2024) · Preventive Nutrition and Food Science · doi:10.3746/pnf.2024.29.4.466

Evaluation of hypoglycemic potential of Cuminum cyminum and its role in modulation of cognitive function in rats with induced diabetes

Kumar, A., Shekhar, A., Dua, M., Jangra, I., Suranagi, U. D., & Arora, E. (2024) · Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.69857/joapr.v12i6.549

Shared Molecular Landscape of Human Brain Structure and Systemic MetabolismPreprint

van der Meer, D., Kopál, J., Stinson, S. E., Smeland, O. B., Shadrin, A. A., Fuhrer, J., Rokicki, J., Gurholt, T., Sonderby, I., Akkouh, I., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.01.12.632645

Relación de biomarcadores sanguíneos y cognición en función de factores de riesgo vascular

Sanchez-Betancourt, J., Cortés, J. A. G., & Ávila-Costa, M. R. (2024) · Nutrición clínica y dietética hospitalaria/Nutrición clínica, dietética hospitalaria · doi:10.12873/441sanchez

Cornus mas ameliorates AlCl 3 -induced Alzheimer’s disease in rats with metabolic syndrome by regulating inflammation and oxidative stress

YAKUT, Z. A. Ç., Bakar, E., Sanal, F., Çevik, D., Karadağ, Ç. H., & Güzelmeriç, E. (2025) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2025.2460384

Short-Term High-Fat Diet Consumption Modulates Motor Deficits and Dopaminergic Dysfunction in a Sex-Specific Manner in A53t Α-Synuclein MicePreprint

Flenaugh, D., Pride, M., Chang, E. M., Chang, A. Y., Bethea, L., Maldonado‐Devincci, A. M., & Han, J. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5169028

Decoding the Involvement of miRNAs in Alzheimer’s Disease: Focus on Neuroinflammation

Yadav, S., & Wojda, U. (2025) · RNA technologies · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-91072-2_14

Research Progress on the Impact of Metabolic Syndrome on Cognitive Impairment

肖, 婷. (2025) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2025.1582193

Combating Lead/HFD Neurotoxicity in Rats: The Synergistic Effect of 10-Hydroxydecanoic Acid and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

Saleh, S. R., Atef, E., Maher, A. M., Ghareeb, D. A., Sheta, E., & Eweda, S. M. (2025) · Biological Trace Element Research · doi:10.1007/s12011-025-04764-1

Ultraprocessed foods – like cookies, chips, frozen meals and fast food – may contribute to cognitive decline

Burke, S. N. (2023) · doi:10.64628/aai.hgq5gtk5c

Association of Habitual Diet Quality and Nutrient Intake with Cognitive Performance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-sectional StudyPreprint

Dhakal, S., Ghimire, N., & Bass, S. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.08.26.25334482

Adverse reproductive outcomes and future risk of incident dementia: The modifying effect of genetic susceptibility

Xu, Q., Tao, C., Dai, S., Lu, Z., Aschner, M., Long, G., Li, S., & Xu, C. Y. (2025) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports · doi:10.1177/25424823251370717

Treating Metabolic Syndrome: P4 Medicine Meets Functional Medicine

Bland, J. (2025) · Phenomics · doi:10.1007/s43657-025-00227-8 · Cited by 1

Divergent CNS –Peripheral Signaling Reflects Astrocyte Dysfunction and Contributes to Insulin Resistance in Early Aβ Pathology

Liao, K., Hsin, Y. L., Huang, W., Chen, C., & Chen, W. (2025) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.70096

Apolipoprotein Mediation in the Relationship Between Weight-Adjusted Waist Index and Cognitive DeclinePreprint

Su, Y., Xu, Y., Li, X., Yuhan, G., Yunting, W., Xiaowei, J., & Xiaolan, C. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7628452/v1

Western Diet Induces Impairment of Liver-Brain Axis Accelerating Neuroinflammation and Amyloid Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease

Więckowska‐Gacek, A., Mietelska‐Porowska, A., Chutorański, D., Wydrych, M., Długosz, J., & Wojda, U. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.654509 · Cited by 70

Greater sensitivity of the hippocampus than the entorhinal cortex in response to western diet, manifested by accelerated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease

Więckowska‐Gacek, A., Mietelska‐Porowska, A., Domańska, J. M., & Wojda, U. (2023) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.077040

Wpływ diety zachodniej na rozwój stanu zapalnego i patologicznych zmian w mózgu w mysim modelu choroby Alzheimera : praca doktorska

Więckowska-Gacek, A., & Więckowska-Gacek, A. (2023) · RCIN (Digital Repository of the Scientifics Institutes) (Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences)

Western diet increases brain metabolism and adaptive immune responses in a mouse model of amyloidosis

Poxleitner, M., Hoffmann, S. H. L., Berezhnoy, G., Ionescu, T. M., González-Menéndez, I., Maier, F. C., Seyfried, D., Ehrlichmann, W., Quintanilla‐Martínez, L., Schmid, A. M., et al. (2024) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-024-03080-0 · Cited by 22

Blood-brain barrier disruption: mechanistic links between Western diet consumption and dementia

Hsu, T. M., & Kanoski, S. E. (2014) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2014.00088 · Cited by 160