Baseline and long-term fibrinogen levels and risk of sudden cardiac death: A new prospective study and meta-analysis
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Background Inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 have been linked with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD), but the relationship between fibrinogen and SCD is uncertain. We aimed to assess the association between fibrinogen and SCD.Methods Plasma fibrinogen was measured at baseline in a prospective cohort of 1773 men aged 42-61 years free of heart failure or cardiac arrhythmias, that recorded 131 SCDs during 22 years follow-up. Correction for within-person fibrinogen variability was made using data from repeat measurements taken several years apart.Results Fibrinogen was strongly correlated with CRP, weakly correlated with several cardiovascular risk markers, and was log-linearly associated with SCD risk. In analyses adjusted for conventional risk factors, the hazard ratio (HR) (95% CIs) for SCD per 1 standard deviation (SD) higher baseline loge fibrinogen was 1.32 (1.11-1.57). The results remained consistent on further adjustment for alcohol consumption, resting heart rate, and circulating lipids 1.30 (1.09-1.56). The corresponding HRs were 1.80 (1.25-2.58) and 1.74 (1.20-2.52) after correction for within-person variability. HRs remained unchanged on further adjustment for CRP and accounting for incident coronary events. In a meta-analysis of three cohort studies, the fully-adjusted relative risks for SCD per 1 SD higher baseline and long-term fibrinogen levels were 1.42 (1.25-1.61) and 2.07 (1.59-2.69) respectively. The associations were similar for non-SCDs in both cohort analysis and the meta-analysis. Addition of plasma fibrinogen to a SCD risk prediction model containing established risk factors did not significantly improve risk discrimination, but improved the net reclassification.Conclusions Available data suggest fibrinogen is positively, log-linearly, and independently associated with risk of SCD. Further research is needed to assess the potential relevance of plasma fibrinogen concentrations in SCD prevention.
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High levels of fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are markers for ASCVD.
“High levels of fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are markers for ASCVD. (Evidence level: E-1a)”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [297]
Fibrinogen is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
“Fibrinogen is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease297–299).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [297]
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- Authors
- Kunutsor, S. K., Kurl, S., Zaccardi, F., & Laukkanen, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Southmead Hospital (GB)
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- University of Leicester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Kunutsor, Setor K.
- Venue
- Atherosclerosis
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-02
- Volume
- 245
- Pages
- 171-180
- ISSN
- 0021-9150 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2205911811
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 0.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- Locations
- Atherosclerosis (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Explore Bristol Research (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Foundation for Cardiovascular Research
- Itä-Suomen Yliopisto
- Suomen Kulttuurirahasto
- Sydäntutkimussäätiö
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Blood properties and coagulation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Acute Myocardial Infarction Research
- Keywords
- fibrinogen, sudden cardiac death, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, inflammatory markers, cardiovascular risk factors, within-person variability, risk prediction model, men
- MeSH terms
- Fibrinogen, Heart Failure, Humans, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Global Health, Biomarkers, Death, Sudden, Cardiac, Risk Assessment
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