The need for differentiating between exercise, physical activity, and training.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Distinguishing and using the terms physical activity, physical exercise, and physical training carefully allows a better classification and interpretation of observed effects and of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms.
“In essence, distinguishing and using these terms carefully allows a better classification and interpretation of observed effects and of the underlying (neuro)biological mechanisms (Budde et al., 2016).”
From Dose-Response Matters! - A Perspective on the Exercise Prescription in Exercise-Cognition Research (2019) · cites this paper as Budde et al., 2016
Cites
(1985) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 9,143 · see citing works
Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities
AINSWORTH, B. E., HASKELL, W. L., WHITT, M. C., IRWIN, M. L., SWARTZ, A. M., STRATH, S. J., O???BRIEN, W. L., BASSETT, D. R., SCHMITZ, K. H., EMPLAINCOURT, P. O., et al. (2000) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200009001-00009 · Cited by 8,497 · see citing works
Is physical activity or physical fitness more important in defining health benefits?
Blair, S. N., Cheng, Y. J., & HOLDER, J. S. (2001) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200106001-00007 · Cited by 1,113 · see citing works
Physical Activity for Health: What Kind? How Much? How Intense? On Top of What?
Powell, K. E., Paluch, A. E., & Blair, S. N. (2011) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031210-101151 · Cited by 685 · see citing works
Type of activity: resistance, aerobic and leisure versus occupational physical activity
Howley, E. T. (2001) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200106001-00005 · Cited by 672 · see citing works
Logan, S. W., Robinson, L. E., Wilson, A. E., & Lucas, W. A. (2011) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01307.x · Cited by 594 · see citing works
Physical activity, fitness and health : the model and key concepts
Bouchard, C., & Shephard, R. J. (1994) · Cited by 592 · see citing works
Assessment of physical activity in epidemiologic research: problems and prospects.
LaPorte, R. E., Montoye, H. J., & Caspersen, C. J. (1985) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 587 · see citing works
Acute Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Responses to the Stress of Treadmill Exercise
Luger, A., Deuster, P. A., Kyle, S. B., Gallucci, W. T., Montgomery, L. C., Gold, P. W., Loriaux, D. L., & Chrousos, G. P. (1987) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198705213162105 · Cited by 516 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Adaptations to Physical Training
Scheuer, J., & Tipton, C. M. (1977) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.39.030177.001253 · Cited by 478 · see citing works
Hoelscher, D. M., Kirk, S., Ritchie, L. D., & Cunningham-Sabo, L. D. (2013) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2013.08.004 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Krause, N., Brand, R., Kaplan, G. A., Kauhanen, J., Malla, S., Tuomainen, T., & Salonen, J. T. (2007) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.1171 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Budde, H., Voelcker-Rehage, C., Pietrassyk-Kendziorra, S., Machado, S. A. S., Ribeiro, P., & Arafat, A. (2010) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.07.015 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationExercise – Cognition Interaction: Neuroscience Perspectives
Mrcpuk, C. C., & Mrcpuk, B. S. (2016) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2016.11.002 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Occupational physical activity and mortality among Danish workers
Holtermann, A., Burr, H., Hansen, J. V., et al. (2011) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-011-0668-x · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Clays, E., Bacquer, D. D., Janssens, H., et al. (2013) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-013-9764-4 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Association of Physical Activity at Work With Mortality in Israeli Industrial Employees:
Kristal-Boneh, E., Harari, G., Melamed, S., & Froom, P. (2000) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/00043764-200002000-00005 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Hormonal responses to physical and cognitive stress in a school setting
Budde, H., Pietraßyk-Kendziorra, S., Böhm, S., & Voelcker‐Rehage, C. (2010) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2010.03.015 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationMoya‐Albiol, L., Salvador, A., Costa, R., Martínez‐Sanchis, S., González‐Bono, E., Ricarte, J. J., & Arnedo, M. T. (2001) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-8760(00)00125-2 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Saliva cortisol in school children after acute physical exercise
Budde, H., Windisch, C., Kudielka, B. M., & Voelcker‐Rehage, C. (2010) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2010.07.036 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationRochette, E., Duché, P., & Merlin, É. (2015) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2015.04.007 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Wegner, M., Mueller‐Alcazar, A., Jager, A., Machado, S. E. D. C., Arias-Carrión, Ó., & Budde, H. (2014) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871527313666140612103425 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationKliche, T., Plaumann, M., Nöcker, G., Dubben, S., & Walter, U. (2011) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-011-0413-7 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Acute Exercise and Cognition in Children and Adolescents
Koutsandréou, F., Niemann, C., Wegner, M., & Budde, H. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800778-5.00013-x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationBudde, H., Wegner, M., & Windisch, C. (2012) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v3i0.19329 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Herold, F., Törpel, A., Schega, L., & Müller, N. G. (2019) · European Review of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s11556-019-0217-2 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Dose-Response Matters! - A Perspective on the Exercise Prescription in Exercise-Cognition Research
Herold, F., Müller, P., Gronwald, T., & Müller, N. G. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02338 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of exercise on depression in adolescents
Wang, X., Cai, Z.-D., Jiang, W.-T., Fang, Y.-Y., Sun, W.-X., & Wang, X. (2022) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-022-00453-2 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
“(2) Intervention: the experiment group received a structured exercise program (aerobic exercise, resistance + aerobic exercise, or physical and mental exercise such as yoga [29]) compared with the control group [30]; if there were multiple experimental groups in the study, only the group with exercise intervention was…”
MethodBudde, H., Akko, D. P., Ainamani, H. E., Murillo-Rodríguez, E., & Weierstall, R. (2018) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-018-2753-x · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“The most significant difference between the two is that exercise is planned and structured while physical activity is not [11].”
Background
- Authors
- Budde, H., Schwarz, R., Velasques, B., Ribeiro, P., Holzweg, M., Machado, S., Brazaitis, M., Staack, F., & Wegner, M.
- Affiliations
- Reykjavík University (IS)
- Karlsruhe University of Education (DE)
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (BR)
- Lithuanian Sports University (LT)
- MSH Medical School Hamburg – University of Applied Sciences and Medical University (DE)
- University of Bern (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Budde, Henning
- Venue
- Autoimmunity Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-01
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 110-111
- ISSN
- 1568-9972 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2215236128
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Autoimmunity Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BORIS (University Library Bern) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- physical activity, training, neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory activity, chronic disease prevention, immune surveillance, immunocompetence, age-related cognitive decline, pterins, biomarkers, molecular pathways
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arthritis, Juvenile, Humans, Exercise
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
