Cited by 66Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase SignalingCellular transport and secretionSphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling

The myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrates (MARCKS): A membrane-anchored mediator of the cell function

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Chen, Zhilei, Zhang, Weici, Selmi, Carlo, Ridgway, William M., Leung, Patrick S.C., Zhang, Fengchun, Gershwin, M. Eric·2021·Autoimmunity Reviews

Abstract

The myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) and the MARCKS-related protein (MARCKSL1) are ubiquitous, highly conserved membrane-associated proteins involved in the structural modulation of the actin cytoskeleton, chemotaxis, motility, cell adhesion, phagocytosis, and exocytosis. MARCKS includes an N-terminal myristoylated domain for membrane binding, a highly conserved MARCKS Homology 2 (MH2) domain, and an effector domain (which is the phosphorylation site). MARCKS can sequester phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-diphosphate (PIP2) at lipid rafts in the plasma membrane of quiescent cells, an action reversed by protein kinase C (PKC), ultimately modulating the immune function. Being expressed mostly in innate immune cells, MARCKS promotes the inflammation-driven migration and adhesion of cells and the secretion of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF). From a clinical point of view, MARCKS is overexpressed in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders, while the brain level of MARCKS phosphorylation is associated with Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, MARCKS is associated with the development and progression of numerous types of cancers. Data in autoimmune diseases are limited to rheumatoid arthritis models in which a connection between MARCKS and the JAK-STAT pathway is mediated by miRNAs. We provide a comprehensive overview of the structure of MARCKS, its molecular characteristics and functions from a biological and pathogenetic standpoint, and will discuss the clinical implications of this pathway.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102942

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  • The phosphorylation level of MARCKS is associated with Aβ biogenesis and neuron degeneration.

    “MARCKS is the main substrate for PKC, and the phosphorylation level of MARCKS is associated with Aβ biogenesis and neuron degeneration. 53 , 54 , 73”

    From Unraveling sex differences in Alzheimer's disease and related endophenotypes with brain proteomes (2025) · cites this paper as [53]

    The ‘MARCKS and neurological disorders’ section links MARCKS phosphorylation to early neuronal degeneration in Alzheimer’s disease. It also describes MARCKS as a modulator of amyloid-β peptide production, but does not link the level of MARCKS phosphorylation to that production. The ‘General terms of MARCKS’ section says phosphorylation precedes Aβ aggregation, which is distinct from Aβ biogenesis; page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • The phosphorylation level of MARCKS is associated with AD.

    “MARCKS is a cellular substrate for protein kinase C (PKC) (Figure S5) and the phosphorylation level of MARCKS is associated with AD. 53 , 54”
  • MARCKS is a cellular substrate for protein kinase C (PKC).

    “MARCKS is a cellular substrate for protein kinase C (PKC) (Figure S5) and the phosphorylation level of MARCKS is associated with AD. 53 , 54”
  • MARCKS is the main substrate for PKC.

    “MARCKS is the main substrate for PKC, and the phosphorylation level of MARCKS is associated with Aβ biogenesis and neuron degeneration. 53 , 54 , 73”

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1 retracted

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [12]Yokoyama Y, Ito T, Hanson V, Schwartz GK, Aderem AA, Holland JF, PMA-induced reduction in invasiveness is associated with hyperphosphorylation of MARCKS and Talin in invasive bladder cancer cells. Int J Cancer 1998; 75: 774– 9. 9495248

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Authors
Chen, Z., Zhang, W., Selmi, C., Ridgway, W. M., Leung, P. S. C., Zhang, F., & Gershwin, M. E.
Affiliations
  • Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CN)
  • University of California, Davis (US)
  • IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital (IT)
Corresponding author
  • Zhang, Weici
  • Zhang, Fengchun
Venue
Autoimmunity Reviews
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-11
Volume
20
Issue
11
Pages
102942
ISSN
1568-9972 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3200222277
Cited by
66
References
135
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7
FWCI
1.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Autoimmunity Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
  • China Scholarship Council (201906210461)
  • National Institutes of Health (R01DK123262)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling
Keywords
MARCKS, myristoylation, actin cytoskeleton regulation, lipid rafts, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, protein kinase C, cell migration, cell adhesion, innate immune cells, inflammation, cytokine production, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, JAK/STAT signaling, microRNA, autoimmune disease
MeSH terms
Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C Kinase Substrate, Alanine, Humans, Phosphorylation, MicroRNAs

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