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Cited by 153Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political ViolenceMedia Discourse and Social AnalysisHate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection

The affinity between online and offline anti-Muslim hate crime: Dynamics and impacts

Awan, Imran, Zempi, Irene·2016·Aggression and Violent Behavior
DOI 10.1016/j.avb.2016.02.001
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  • El discurso de odio en redes sociales puede intensificarse tras acontecimientos de gran impacto, como atentados terroristas o noticias que implican a grupos estigmatizados.

    “el discurso de odio en las redes sociales puede intensificarse tras acontecimientos de gran impacto, como atentados terroristas o noticias que implican a grupos de población desfavorecidos o estigmatizados (Awan & Zempi, 2016)”

    From Redes de odio y contranarrativas en Twitter sobre el ataque a iglesias católicas en Algeciras: Dinámicas de conectividad, influencia y polarización (2026) · cites this paper as Awan & Zempi, 2016

    The section “Understanding the nature of online and offline anti-Muslim hate crime” (pp. 11–12) reports increases in online anti-Muslim hate after terrorist attacks and other ‘trigger’ events. It discusses media coverage of those attacks, but does not establish the broader claim that news involving disadvantaged or stigmatized groups generally intensifies hate speech on social media. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Research works printed but not linked: 33

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  5. Afshar, H. (2008) 'Can I See your Hair? Choice, Agency and Attitudes: The Dilemma of Faith and Feminism for Muslim Women who Cover', Ethnic and Racial Studies, 31 (2): 411-427.
  6. Awan, I. (2012a) The Impact of Policing British Muslims: A Qualitative Exploration, Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter-terrorism 7 (1): 2235.
  7. Awan, I, (2012b) ''I'm a Muslim not an Extremist:' How the Prevent Strategy has constructed a 'Suspect' Community' Politics & Policy, 40 (6): 1158-1185.
  8. Awan, I. (2014) Islamophobia on Twitter: A Typology of Online Hate Against Muslims on Social Media Policy & Internet 6 (2): 133-150.
  9. Bleich, E. (2011) The Freedom to Be Racist? How the United States and Europe Struggle to Preserve Freedom and Combat Racism, Oxford University Press.
  10. Bolognani, M. (2007) 'Islam, ethnography and politics: Methodological issues in researching amongst West Yorkshire Pakistanis in 2005' International Journal of Social Research Methodology 10 (4): 279-293.
  11. Bowling, B. (1999) Violent Racism: Victimisation, Policing and Social Context, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  12. Bowling, B. (2009) 'Violent Racism: Victimisation, Policing and Social Context' in B. Williams and H. Goodman-Chong (eds.) Victims and Victimisation: A Reader, Maidenhead: Open University Press.
  13. Byers, B.D. and Jones, J. A. (2007) 'The impact of the terrorist attacks of 9/11 on anti-Islamic hate crime' Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice 5(1): 43-56.
  14. Chakraborti, N. and Zempi, I. (2012) The Veil under Attack: Gendered Dimensions of Islamophobic Victimisation, International Review of Victimology 18 (3): 269-284.
  15. Douglas, K. M., McGarty, C., Bliuc, A. M., and Lala, G. (2005) Understanding Cyberhate: Social Competition and Social Creativity in Online White Supremacist Groups Social Science Computer Review 23 (1): 68-76.
  16. Hanes, E. and Machin, S. (2014) 'Hate Crime in the Wake of Terror Attacks: Evidence From 7/7 and 9/11' Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 30 (3): 247-267.
  17. Hindelang, M. (2009) 'Towards a Theory of Personal Criminal Victimisation' in B. Williams and H. Goodman-Chong (eds.) Victims and Victimisation: A Reader, Maidenhead: Open University Press.
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  20. Mandaville, P. (2003) 'Communication and Diasporic Islam' in K Karim (ed.), The Media of Diaspora, London: Routledge. Mughal, F. (2013) Do Not Downplay Anti-Muslim Hatred Whether Online or Offline, [Online]. Available at: http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/fiyazmughal/islamophobia-anti-muslim-hatred\_b\_3423125.html [Accessed: 20 January 2015].
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  33. Zempi, I. and Chakraborti, N. (2014) 'Islamophobia, Victimisation and the Veil', Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

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Authors
Awan, I., & Zempi, I.
Affiliations
  • Birmingham City University (GB)
  • Nottingham Trent University (GB)
Corresponding author
Awan, Imran
ORCID
Venue
Aggression and Violent Behavior
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2016-03
Volume
27
Pages
1-8
ISSN
1359-1789 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.avb.2016.02.001
OpenAlex
W2286856527
Cited by
153
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1
FWCI
25.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Aggression and Violent Behavior (publishedVersion)
  • Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) (acceptedVersion)
  • BCU Open Access Repository (Birmingham City University) (acceptedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Media Discourse and Social Analysis
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection
Keywords
anti-Muslim hate crime, online hate, cyberbullying, online harassment, online risks, globalization

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