Physiological and cognitive effects of expressive dissonance
Abstract
Emotional well-being depends in part on affect modulation. The present study extends research on emotion regulation by assessing the physiological and cognitive effects of a novel response-focused regulation strategy, termed 'expressive dissonance.' Expressive dissonance refers to the incongruence between an emotional state (e.g., sadness) and a behavioral expression (e.g., a smile). Fifty-five participants watched a series of sad film clips in which they were asked to either naturally watch or express the opposite of what they were feeling. Results suggest that persons using the expressive dissonant strategies evidenced greater sympathetic arousal and performed worse on subsequent memory tasks than persons in the natural-watch conditions.
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The effect of emotion suppression on increased sympathetic activation of the cardiovascular system has been replicated across age, gender, and type of emotion elicited.
“This effect has been replicated across age, gender, and type of emotion elicited (Gross & Levenson, 1997; Kunzmann, Kupperbusch, & Levenson, 2005; Robinson & Demaree, 2007).”
From Cardiovascular costs of emotion suppression cross ethnic lines. (2008) · cites this paper as Robinson & Demaree, 2007
Suppressing these behaviors produces a clear pattern of physiological activation.
“and suppressing these behaviors produces a clear pattern of physiological activation (Gross & Levenson, 1993, 1997; Robinson & Demaree, 2007).”
From Cardiovascular costs of emotion suppression cross ethnic lines. (2008) · cites this paper as Robinson & Demaree, 2007
The paradigm used (watching a disgust-eliciting film clip) evokes strong behavioral response tendencies.
“This paradigm is advantageous because it evokes strong behavioral response tendencies (e.g., prototypical signs of disgust, such as wrinkling the nose and turning away)”
From Cardiovascular costs of emotion suppression cross ethnic lines. (2008) · cites this paper as Robinson & Demaree, 2007
Cites
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348 · Cited by 11,929 · see citing works
Ironic processes of mental control.
Wegner, D. M. (1994) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037//0033-295x.101.1.34 · Cited by 2,609 · see citing works
Hiding feelings: The acute effects of inhibiting negative and positive emotion
Gross, J. J., & Levenson, R. W. (1997) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.106.1.95 · Cited by 1,834 · see citing works
Emotion regulation and memory: the cognitive costs of keeping one's cool
Richards, J. M., & Gross, J. J. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.3.410 · Cited by 1,472 · see citing works
Emotional suppression: Physiology, self-report, and expressive behavior.
Gross, J. J., & Levenson, R. W. (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.64.6.970 · Cited by 1,262 · see citing works
Zuckerman, M., Klorman, R., Larrance, D. T., & Spiegel, N. H. (1981) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.41.5.929 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
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Cardiovascular costs of emotion suppression cross ethnic lines.
Roberts, N. A., Levenson, R. W., & Gross, J. J. (2008) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.06.003 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
- Authors
- Robinson, J. L., & Demaree, H. A.
- Affiliations
- Case Western Reserve University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Demaree, Heath A.
- Venue
- Brain and Cognition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-02
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 70-78
- ISSN
- 0278-2626 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1972096282
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain and Cognition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, facial expressions, sadness, sympathetic activation, memory performance, emotional well-being, physiological arousal
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Analysis of Variance, Cognitive Dissonance, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Reference Values
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