When affordances climb into your mind: advantages of motor simulation in a memory task performed by novice and expert rock climbers
Abstract
Does the sight of multiple climbing holds laid along a path activate a motor simulation of climbing that path? One way of testing whether multiple affordances and their displacement influence the formation of a motor simulation is to study acquired motor skills. We used a behavioral task in which expert and novice rock climbers were shown three routes: an easy route, a route impossible to climb but perceptually salient, and a difficult route. After a distraction task, they were then given a recall test in which they had to write down the sequence of holds composing each route. We found no difference between experts and novices on the easy and impossible routes, whereas on the difficult route, the performance of experts was better than that of novices. This suggests that seeing a climbing wall activates a motor, embodied simulation, which relies not on perceptual salience, but on motor competence. More importantly, our results show that the capability to form this simulation is modulated by individuals' motor repertoire and expertise, and that this strongly impacts recall.
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With practice, habits can include longer sequences of actions and also possibly involve higher hierarchical levels.
“With practice (e.g., elite-level sport skills), habits can include longer sequences of actions (Dezfouli and Balleine, 2012) and also possibly involve higher hierarchical levels (Pezzulo et al., 2010).”
From Active Inference, homeostatic regulation and adaptive behavioural control (2015) · cites this paper as Pezzulo et al., 2010
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- Authors
- Pezzulo, G., Barca, L., Bocconi, A. L., & Borghi, A. M.
- Affiliations
- Institute for Computational Linguistics “A. Zampolli” (IT)
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IT)
- University of L'Aquila (IT)
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Pezzulo, Giovanni
- Venue
- Brain and Cognition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-06
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 68-73
- ISSN
- 0278-2626 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2140466583
- Cited by
- 138
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 4.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain and Cognition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Keywords
- motor simulation, embodied simulation, affordances, rock climbing, climbing routes, motor expertise, memory retrieval, motor competence, perceptual salience, climbing holds
- MeSH terms
- Decision Making, Female, Humans, Imagination, Male, Motor Skills, Mountaineering, Practice, Psychological, Problem Solving, Mental Recall, Set, Psychology, Space Perception, Maze Learning, Athletes
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