The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception
Abstract
Contents: Preface. Introduction. Part I: The Environment To Be Perceived.The Animal And The Environment. Medium, Substances, Surfaces. The Meaningful Environment. Part II: The Information For Visual Perception.The Relationship Between Stimulation And Stimulus Information. The Ambient Optic Array. Events And The Information For Perceiving Events. The Optical Information For Self-Perception. The Theory Of Affordances. Part III: Visual Perception.Experimental Evidence For Direct Perception: Persisting Layout. Experiments On The Perception Of Motion In The World And Movement Of The Self. The Discovery Of The Occluding Edge And Its Implications For Perception. Looking With The Head And Eyes. Locomotion And Manipulation. The Theory Of Information Pickup And Its Consequences. Part IV: Depiction.Pictures And Visual Awareness. Motion Pictures And Visual Awareness. Conclusion. Appendixes: The Principal Terms Used in Ecological Optics. The Concept of Invariants in Ecological Optics.
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Many studies in the cognitive science literature, conducted in disparate domains, have observed that experts' knowledge representation is organized in a functional hierarchy.
“Many studies in the cognitive science literature, conducted in quite disparate domains, have observed that the knowledge representation of experts is organized in a functional hierarchy [12, 30].”
From Ecological interface design: theoretical foundations (1992) · cites this paper as [12]
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- Authors
- Bornstein, M. H., & Gibson, J. J.
- Affiliations
- Princeton University (US)
- ORCID
- Bornstein, Marc H.
- Venue
- The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1980
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 203
- ISSN
- 0021-8529 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1933657216
- Cited by
- 22,935
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 570 · 2024: 584 · 2023: 565 · 2022: 543 · 2021: 1056 · 2020: 1101 · 2019: 1051 · 2018: 958 · 2017: 888 · 2016: 909 · 2015: 1013 · 2014: 1033 · 2013: 978 · 2012: 900
- FWCI
- 101.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Keywords
- ecological optics, visual perception, direct perception, affordances, self-perception, motion perception, locomotion, depiction, visual awareness, invariants, animal-environment relationship
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