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Differential effects of differing intensities of acute exercise on speed and accuracy of cognition: A meta-analytical investigation
Abstract
The primary purpose of this study was to examine, using meta-analytical techniques, the differential effects of differing intensities of acute exercise on speed and accuracy of cognition. Overall, exercise demonstrated a small, significant mean effect size (g=0.14, p<0.01) on cognition. Examination of the comparison between speed and accuracy dependent variables showed that speed accounted for most of the effect. For speed, moderate intensity exercise demonstrated a significantly larger mean effect size than those for low and high intensities. For speed of processing during moderate intensity exercise, central executive tasks showed a larger effect size than recall and alertness/attention tasks; and mean effect size for counterbalanced or randomized studies was significantly greater than for studies in which a pre-exercise followed by during or post-exercise protocol was used. There was no significant difference between mean effect sizes when testing took place post-exercise compared to during exercise for speed but accuracy studies demonstrated a significantly larger mean effect size post-exercise. It was concluded that increased arousal during moderate intensity exercise resulted in faster speed of processing. The very limited effect on accuracy may be due to the failure to choose tests which are complex enough to measure exercise-induced changes in accuracy of performance.
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“It has been suggested that there is an inverted-U effect with MVPA showing the largest effect on cognition, whereas light and vigorous physical activity showing smaller effects.69”
From Effects of physical activity on executive functions, attention and academic performance in preadolescent children: a meta-analysis (2018) · cites this paper as [69]
In the citing paper
“Some findings suggest an inverted-U shaped curve, with moderate-intensity PA demonstrating a larger effect than light- and vigorous-intensity PA (66, 68)”
From Physical Activity, Cognition, and Brain Outcomes: A Review of the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines (2019) · cites this paper as [68]
In the citing paper
“Reported effects were most consistent for domains of executive function (65–68), but significant benefits were also realized for processing speed, attention (although see (27) for a discrepant finding) and memory (65, 66, 68).”
From Physical Activity, Cognition, and Brain Outcomes: A Review of the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines (2019) · cites this paper as [68]
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Self-citationMao, F., Yin, A., Zhao, S., & Fang, Q. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1449612 · Cited by 29
The effect of high and low exercise intensity periods on a simple memory recognition test
Rattray, B., & Smee, D. J. (2015) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2015.01.005 · Cited by 17
Metadata
- Authors
- McMorris, T., & Hale, B. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Chichester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- McMorris, Terry
- Venue
- Brain and Cognition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-12
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 338-351
- ISSN
- 0278-2626 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2026577667
- Cited by
- 516
- References
- 149
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 1.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain and Cognition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- acute exercise, exercise intensity, cognitive speed, cognitive accuracy, processing speed, central executive function, attention, arousal, exercise and cognition
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cognition, Physical Exertion, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Problem Solving, Reaction Time, Reproducibility of Results, Exercise, Young Adult
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