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Is problem solving dependent on language?
Abstract
There has been a long-standing debate in the fields of philosophy and cognitive science surrounding the relationship of language to cognition, but the exact nature of this relationship is still unclear (Sokolov, 1968/1972). In the current study, we explored the role of language in one aspect of cognition, namely problem solving, by administering the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) to stroke patients with varying degrees of language impairment (Experiment 1) and to normal participants under conditions of articulatory suppression (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, there was a significant correlation between performance on the WCST and language measures such as comprehension and naming. Demonstrating the specificity of this result, we also found a significant relationship between language performance and another test of problem solving, the Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices, but no relationship between language and a test of visuospatial functioning. In Experiment 2, normal participants were significantly impaired on the WCST under conditions of articulatory suppression, relative to a baseline condition. Together, these findings suggest that language plays a role in complex problem solving, possibly through covert language processes.
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“Articulatory suppression to interfere with inner speech on cognitive tasks has been widely used in children and adults (Baldo et al., 2005; Hermer-Vazquez, Spelke, & Katsnelson, 1999; Lidstone, Meins, & Fernyhough, 2010).”
From Inner Speech: Development, Cognitive Functions, Phenomenology, and Neurobiology (2015) · cites this paper as Baldo et al., 2005
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Metadata
- Authors
- BALDO, J., DRONKERS, N., WILKINS, D., LUDY, C., RASKIN, P., & KIM, J.
- Affiliations
- Scripps College (US)
- VA Northern California Health Care System (US)
- Corresponding author
- BALDO, J
- Venue
- Brain and Language
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-03
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 240-250
- ISSN
- 0093-934X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2127864305
- Cited by
- 236
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 2.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain and Language (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Categorization, perception, and language
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- language and cognition, problem solving, language impairment, stroke, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, articulatory suppression, Coloured Progressive Matrices, visuospatial functioning, language comprehension, word naming
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aphasia, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Linguistics, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Problem Solving, Stroke
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