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The role of interleukin-6 signaling in nervous tissue
Open accessAbstract
The cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders and in the physiological homeostasis of neural tissue. Profound neuropathological changes, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease are associated with increased IL-6 expression in brain. Increased nocturnal concentrations of serum IL-6 are found in patients with impaired sleep whereas IL-6-deficient mice spend more time in rapid eye movement sleep associated with dreaming. IL-6 is crucial in the differentiation of oligodendrocytes, regeneration of peripheral nerves and acts as a neurotrophic factor. It exerts its cellular effects through two distinct pathways which include the anti-inflammatory pathway involving the membrane-bound IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) expressed on selective cells, including microglia, in a process known as classical signaling that is also critical for bacterial defense. In classical signaling binding of IL-6 to the membrane-bound IL-6R activates the β-receptor glycoprotein 130 (gp130) and subsequent down-stream signaling. The alternative, rather pro-inflammatory pathway, shown to mediate neurodegeneration in mice, termed trans-signaling, depends on a soluble form of the IL-6R that is capable of binding IL-6 to stimulate a response on distal cells that express gp130. A naturally occurring soluble form of gp130 (sgp130) has been identified that can specifically bind and neutralize the IL-6R/IL-6 complex. Thus, trans-signaling is blocked but classical signaling is completely unaffected. A modified, recombinant dimerized version of sgp130 (sgp130Fc) has successfully been used to block inflammatory processes in mice and may also be used in the clarification of IL-6 trans-signaling in neurological diseases.
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“Numerous studies have reported that intracranial IL6 and IL6 signaling using non-canonical trans-signaling modalities impact behavior (Rothaug et al., 2016).”
From Origin and function of stress-induced IL-6 in murine models (2020) · cites this paper as Rothaug et al., 2016
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Canal, C., Aguilar, K., Comes, G., Molinero, A., Giralt, M., Sanchís, P., & Hidalgo, J. (2026) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells15211921
BindingDB Entry 50000516: Synthesis of benzoxazole derivatives as interleukin-6 antagonists.
BindingDB (2019) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q2kw5jf6
Metadata
- Authors
- Rothaug, M., Becker-Pauly, C., & Rose-John, S.
- Affiliations
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (DE)
- Venue
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-06
- Volume
- 1863
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1218-1227
- ISSN
- 0167-4889 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2308447553
- Cited by
- 491
- References
- 170
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 89 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 8
- FWCI
- 3.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 654)
- Proteolysis as a Regulatory Event in Pathophysiology (SFB 877)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- interleukin-6, IL-6 signaling, neuroinflammation, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, sleep, REM sleep, oligodendrocyte differentiation, peripheral nerve regeneration, neurotrophic factors, soluble IL-6 receptor, gp130, trans-signaling, sgp130Fc, neurodegeneration, microglia
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Central Nervous System, Humans, Models, Biological, Protein Binding, Signal Transduction, Interleukin-6, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Receptors, Interleukin-6, Cytokine Receptor gp130
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