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Cited by 30Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesCardiac Health and Mental Health

Phobic anxiety symptom scores and incidence of type 2 diabetes in US men and women

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Farvid, Maryam S., Qi, Lu, Hu, Frank B., Kawachi, Ichiro, Okereke, Olivia I., Kubzansky, Laura D., Willett, Walter C.·2014·Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
DOI 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.10.025PMC PMC3947213
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Abstract

Context Emotional stress may be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the relation between phobic anxiety symptoms and risk of T2D is uncertain. Objective To evaluate prospectively the association between phobic anxiety symptoms and incident T2D in three cohorts of US men and women. Design, setting and patients We followed 30,791 men in the Health Professional's Follow-Up Study (HPFS) (1988-2008), 68,904 women in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) (1988-2008), and 79,960 women in the Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II) (1993-2011). Phobic anxiety symptom scores, as measured by the Crown-Crisp index (CCI), calculated from 8 questions, were administered at baseline and updated in 2004 for NHS, in 2005 for NHS II, and in 2000 for HPFS. Incident T2D was confirmed by a validated supplementary questionnaire. We used Cox proportional hazards analysis to evaluate associations with incident T2D. Results During 3,099,651 person-years of follow-up, we documented 12,831 incident T2D cases. In multivariate Cox proportional-hazards models with adjustment for major lifestyle and dietary risk factors, the hazard ratios (HRs) of T2D across categories of increasing levels of CCI (scores=2 to <3, 3 to <4, 4 to <6, ⩾6), compared with a score of <2, were increased significantly by 6%, 10%, 10% and 13% (Ptrend=0.001) for NHS; and by 19%, 11%, 21%, and 29% (Ptrend<0.0001) for NHS II. Each score increment in CCI was associated with 2% higher risk of T2D in NHS (HRs, 1.02, 95% confidence intervals: 1.01-1.03) and 4% higher risk of T2D in NHS II (HRs, 1.04, 95% confidence intervals: 1.02-1.05). Further adjustment for depression did not change the results. In HPFS, the association between CCI and T2D was not significant after adjusting for lifestyle variables. Conclusion Our results suggest that higher phobic anxiety symptoms are associated with an increased risk of T2D in women.

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  • In three prospective cohorts (Health Professional's follow-up study n=30,791 men; Nurses' Health Study n=68,904 women; Nurses' Health Study II n=79,960 women), phobic anxiety symptoms measured by the eight-item Crown-Crisp index showed no association in the male cohort after adjustment in Health Professional's follow-up study but associations were reported in women.

    “3 prospective cohorts; Health Professional's follow-up study ( n = 30,791 men); Nurses' Health Study ( n = 68,904 women); Nurses' Health Study II ( n = 79,960 women). | Phobic anxiety symptoms using the eight-item Crown-Crisp index | ‡ No association in the male cohort after adjustment in Health Professional's follow-up study but associations reported in women.”

    From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and psychological stress — a modifiable risk factor (2017) · cites this paper as Farvid (2014) 65

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  • Reported links between anxiety and new onset diabetes mellitus are equivocal.

    “Anxiety is not as well researched as depression, and reported links with new onset diabetes mellitus have been equivocal 69-74”

    From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and psychological stress — a modifiable risk factor (2017) · cites this paper as [71]

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Authors
Farvid, M. S., Qi, L., Hu, F. B., Kawachi, I., Okereke, O. I., Kubzansky, L. D., & Willett, W. C.
Affiliations
  • Harvard University (US)
  • Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author
Farvid, Maryam S.
ORCID
Venue
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-02
Volume
36
Pages
176-182
ISSN
0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.bbi.2013.10.025
PMC
PMC3947213
OpenAlex
W2006524979
Cited by
30
References
4
Citations by year
2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4
FWCI
3.42
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL060712, R01HL071981, R01 HL71981, R01HL60712)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (RC4MH092707, MH092707-01)
  • National Cancer Institute (U19CA055075, P01CA087969, U54CA155626, R01CA050385)
  • Fogarty International Center (R03TW008726)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK058845, P30DK046200)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
Keywords
phobic anxiety, type 2 diabetes, diabetes incidence, emotional stress, depression, diabetes risk factors, men and women comparison, Health Professionals Follow-up Study, Nurses' Health Study, Nurses' Health Study II, Diabetes Prevention Program, diabetes self-management education and support
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phobic Disorders, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, United States, Young Adult

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