Common mental disorders associated with 2-year diabetes incidence: The Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA)
Abstract
Background Few prospective cohort studies describe the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with depression or anxiety. The aim of this study was to determine the 2-year diabetes incidence and pattern of explanatory factors associated with depressive and/or anxiety disorders. Methods A prospective cohort of 2981 participants (aged 18-65 years, 66% women) recruited in the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) from community, primary care and outpatient psychiatric clinics were followed-up for two years. Complete data were analyzed from 2460 participants without baseline diabetes. Lifetime or current (past 6-month) depressive and/or anxiety disorders at baseline were assessed using the Composite Interview Diagnostic Instrument (CIDI) and classified by the DSM-IV. Diabetes was classified by either self-report, medications, or fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L. Baseline covariates included age, gender, lifestyle factors, and medical conditions. Odds ratios (OR [95% confidence intervals]) for diabetes were determined using exact logistic regression. Results The unadjusted 2-year diabetes incidence was 0.2% (1/571), 1.1% (6/548), and 1.8% (24/1340) for no, remitted, and current depressive and/or anxiety disorders, respectively. In comparison to those without psychopathology, current depressive and/or anxiety disorders was associated with diabetes incidence in unadjusted (OR 10.4 [1.7, 429.0]) and age-adjusted (OR 11.9 (1.9, 423.0]) analyses. The strength of this association (beta coefficient) was slightly changed after further adjustments for impaired fasting glucose (11.4%), high triglycerides (-7.8%), and lifestyle cumulative risk score (-5.0%), in contrast to other covariates when assessed in separate models. Limitations The low incidence of diabetes resulted in considerable uncertainty for the odds ratios and low statistical power that limited covariate adjustments. Conclusions The relative odds of developing diabetes within two years was increased for persons with current depressive and/or anxiety disorders, which was partially explained by, but remained independent of, lifestyle cumulative risk factors.
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Reported links between anxiety and new onset diabetes mellitus are equivocal.
“Anxiety is not as well researched as depression, and reported links with new onset diabetes mellitus have been equivocal 69-74”
From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and psychological stress — a modifiable risk factor (2017) · cites this paper as [72]
In the NESDA cohort (n=2,460; 2-year follow-up), anxiety measured by composite interview diagnostic instrument was associated with incident diabetes mellitus (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.1).
“NESDA cohort ( n = 2,460; 2 year follow- up) | Anxiety using composite interview diagnostic instrument | OR 1.6 (95% CI 1.2- 2.1).”
From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and psychological stress — a modifiable risk factor (2017) · cites this paper as Atlantis (2012) 66
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- Authors
- Atlantis, E., Vogelzangs, N., Cashman, K., & Penninx, B. J. W. H.
- Affiliations
- The University of Adelaide (AU)
- Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Atlantis, Evan
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-10
- Volume
- 142
- Pages
- S30-S35
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2164138510
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 3.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- American Diabetes Association
- GGZ inGeest
- Rivierduinen
- GGZ Friesland
- GGZ Drenthe
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, depression, anxiety disorders, diabetes incidence, psychopathology, impaired fasting glucose, triglycerides, lifestyle risk factors, cumulative risk score, NESDA
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Anxiety, Blood Glucose, Depression, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Humans, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Comorbidity, Incidence, Odds Ratio, Diabetes Complications, Self Report
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