Three-dimensional spheroids of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells promote osteogenesis by activating stemness and Wnt/β-catenin
Open accessAbstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent and self-renewal cells that are widely used in regenerative medicine. The culture of three-dimensional (3D) spheroid MSCs more accurately mimics the biological microenvironment. However, it is unclear which key molecules are responsible for the cell fate control of MSCs during 3D spheroid formation and their impact on the functional characteristics of these stem cells. Furthermore, it remains unclear what effects 3D spheroid MSC transplantation has on new bone formation compared with that of 2D monolayer MSCs. We assessed whether the osteogenerative potential of 3D spheroid MSCs is greater than that of 2D monolayer MSCs in vitro. In addition, to elucidate the ability of 3D spheroid MSCs to regenerate bone, we examined the effects of transplanting wild-type (WT) or knockout (KO) spheroid MSCs on new bone formation in mice calvarial defect model in vitro. The 3D spheroid MSC culture dramatically upregulated into stemness markers compared with the 2D monolayer MSC culture. In contrast, BMP-2 significantly increased the osteogenesis-related molecules in the 3D spheroid MSCs but, in turn, downregulated the stemness markers. BMP-2 activated Smad1/5 together with Wnt/β-catenin in 3D spheroid MSCs. Transplantation of these MSCs into aged mice with calvarial defects promoted new bone formation compared with that of 2D monolayer MSCs. In contrast, transplantation of 3D or 2D β-catenin knockout MSCs induced little new bone formation. The 3D spheroid MSC culture had higher stemness compared with the 2D monolayer MSC culture. The culture of 3D spheroid MSCs rapidly promoted osteoblastogenesis and bone formation through synergistic activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in vitro. The transformation of 3D spheroid, but not 2D monolayer, MSCs promoted new bone regeneration in vivo. These results indicate that transplantation of 3D spheroid MSCs in regeneration therapy contributes to a shorter regenerative healing process, including new bone formation.
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The Wnt/β-catenin pathway enhances osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, bone formation and mineralization.
“Apart from suppressing osteoclastogenesis, it also enhances the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs [97], bone formation [98] and mineralization [99].”
From An Overlooked Bone Metabolic Disorder: Cigarette Smoking-Induced Osteoporosis (2022) · cites this paper as [97]
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An Overlooked Bone Metabolic Disorder: Cigarette Smoking-Induced Osteoporosis
Weng, W., Li, H., & Zhu, S. (2022) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes13050806 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
- Authors
- Imamura, A., Kajiya, H., Fujisaki, S., Maeshiba, M., Yanagi, T., Kojima, H., & Ohno, J.
- Affiliations
- Fukuoka Dental College (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Kajiya, Hiroshi
- Venue
- Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-03
- Volume
- 523
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 458-464
- ISSN
- 0006-291X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2997492213
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 2.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- Open access
- green
- fdc.repo.nii.ac.jp
- Locations
- Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Fukuoka Dental College
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (15K11062)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Mesenchymal stem cell research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
- Keywords
- mesenchymal stem cells, 3D spheroid culture, bone formation, stemness, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, BMP-2, Smad1/5, bone regeneration, calvarial defect, cell transplantation, aged mice
- MeSH terms
- Hippo Signaling Pathway, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Gene Expression Regulation, Osteogenesis, Skull, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Mice, Knockout, Spheroids, Cellular, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation, Wnt Proteins, beta Catenin, X-Ray Microtomography, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2, Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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