Enzymatic processing of algae for food applications
Open accessAbstract
Today, almost all human health problems are related to malnutrition. Algae (macro- and micro-algae) are potent to provide the necessary nutrients for our bodies (i.e., starch, lipids, protein, dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins). Nevertheless, there are limitations due to the extraction efficiency, size, compatibility, and hydrocolloid nature of some algal compounds of interest to the food industry. As a result, enzyme-assisted extraction of algal biomass under optimal conditions will be a safer and more sustainable approach than using hazardous organic solvents. Also, enzymes can be used to modify molecular structures and introduce new biomolecules that exhibit higher stability of interest to food industries. Throughout this review, we explore the most recent research on enzymes used to process algal biomass for use as food.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Enzymatic hydrolysis and controlled fermentation improve digestibility, functionality, and sensory profiles of microalgae.
“This results in improved digestibility, functionality, and sensory profiles (Parsaeimehr and Ozbay, 2024; Garofalo et al., 2022).”
From Microalgae biotechnology and its role in sustainable and healthy food design (2025) · cites this paper as Parsaeimehr and Ozbay, 2024
Enzymatic hydrolysis through proteases and carbohydrases, as well as controlled fermentation with lactic acid bacteria or yeast, ruptures rigid microalgal cell walls, releases soluble peptides and nutrients, minimizes undesirable volatiles, and forms desirable aroma precursors.
“As a result, enzymatic hydrolysis—through proteases and carbohydrases—as well as controlled fermentation processes—with lactic acid bacteria or yeast—provide the rupture of these rigid cell walls, resulting in the release of soluble peptides and nutrients, minimizing the levels of undesirable volatiles while simultaneously forming desirable aroma precursors.”
From Microalgae biotechnology and its role in sustainable and healthy food design (2025) · cites this paper as Parsaeimehr and Ozbay, 2024
Cites
1 retracted
RETRACTED: Biotechnological applications of inulin-rich feedstocks
Singh, R. S., Singh, T., & Larroche, C. (2018) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.031 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
RetractedIOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Hermansah, H., Sandi, N., & Naspendra, Z. (2020) · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.1088/issn.1755-1315 · Cited by 12,775 · see citing works
Enzyme assisted extraction of biomolecules as an approach to novel extraction technology: A review
Nadar, S. S., Rao, P., & Rathod, V. K. (2018) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2018.03.006 · Cited by 696 · see citing works
Li, X., Xu, H., & Wu, Q. (2007) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.21489 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
TECHNOLOGY PROSPECTING ON ENZYMES: APPLICATION, MARKETING AND ENGINEERING
Li, S., Yang, X., Yang, S., Zhu, M., & Wang, X. (2012) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.5936/csbj.201209017 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Antioxidant compounds from microbial sources: A review
Chandra, P., Sharma, R. K., & Arora, D. S. (2019) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108849 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Ru, I. T. K., Sung, Y. Y., Jusoh, M., Wahid, M. E. A., & Nagappan, T. (2020) · Applied Phycology · doi:10.1080/26388081.2020.1715256 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
The Food–Materials Nexus: Next Generation Bioplastics and Advanced Materials from Agri‐Food Residues
Otoni, C. G., de Azeredo, H. M. C., Mattos, B. D., Beaumont, M., Correa, D. S., & Rojas, O. J. (2021) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202102520 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
A roadmap for metagenomic enzyme discovery
Robinson, S. L., Piel, J., & Sunagawa, S. (2021) · Natural Product Reports · doi:10.1039/d1np00006c · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Ghassemi, N., Poulhazan, A., Deligey, F., Mentink‐Vigier, F., Marcotte, I., & Wang, T. (2021) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00669 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Pinales‐Márquez, C. D., Rodríguez‐Jasso, R. M., Araújo, R. G., Loredo‐Treviño, A., Nabarlatz, D., Gullón, B., & Ruíz, H. A. (2021) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113274 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Cell disruption and astaxanthin extraction from Haematococcus pluvialis: Recent advances
Kim, B., Lee, S. Y., Narasimhan, A. L., Kim, S., & Oh, Y. (2021) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126124 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Manzoor, M., Singh, J., Gani, A., & Noor, N. (2021) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130141 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Enzyme-assisted extraction and characterization of protein from red seaweed Palmaria palmata
Naseri, A., Marinho, G. S., Holdt, S. L., Bartela, J. M., & Jacobsen, C. (2020) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2020.101849 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Heckmann, C. M., & Paradisi, F. (2020) · ChemCatChem · doi:10.1002/cctc.202001107 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Vásquez, V., Martínez, R., & Bernal, C. (2019) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-018-1712-y · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Physicochemical and gel properties of agar extracted by enzyme and enzyme-assisted methods
Xiao, Q., Weng, H., Ni, H., Hong, Q., Lin, K., & Xiao, A. (2018) · Food Hydrocolloids · doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.08.041 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Zhao, X., Zhang, X., Liu, H., et al. (2019) · Food Science and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s10068-019-00608-6 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Enzyme immobilization and its applications in food processing: A review
Bashir, N., Sood, M., & Bandral, J. D. (2020) · International Journal of Chemical Studies · doi:10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i2d.8779 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Chagas, F. D. D. S., Lima, G. C., dos Santos, V. I. N., Costa, L. E. C., de Sousa, W. M., Sombra, V. G., de Araújo, D. F., Barros, F. C. N., Marinho‐Soriano, E., Feitosa, J. P. D. A., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.012 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Tavanandi, H. A., Vanjari, P., & Raghavarao, K. S. M. S. (2019) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2019.05.064 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Carotenoids: Properties, Processing and Applications
(2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2018-0-00646-5 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Alboofetileh, M., Rezaei, M., & Tabarsa, M. (2018) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-018-1651-7 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Enzymatic extraction of fucoxanthin from brown seaweeds
Shannon, E., & Abu‐Ghannam, N. (2018) · International Journal of Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1111/ijfs.13808 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Naseri, A., Jacobsen, C., Sejberg, J. J. P., Pedersen, T. E., Larsen, J. O., Hansen, K. M., & Holdt, S. L. (2020) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods9081072 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Nguyen, H. P. T., Morançais, M., Fleurence, J., & Dumay, J. (2016) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-016-1024-z · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Canelli, G., Martínez, P. M., Hauser, B. M., Kuster, I., Rohfritsch, Z., Dionisi, F., Bolten, C. J., Neutsch, L., & Mathys, A. (2021) · LWT · doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111157 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Machado, C. B., Maddix, G.-M., Francis, P., Thomas, S.-L., Burton, J.-A., Langer, S., Larson, T. R., Marsh, R., Webber, M., & Tonon, T. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152761 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Oh, J.-Y., Kim, E.-A. L., Kang, S. I., et al. (2020) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules25102361 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Enzyme assisted extraction for seaweed multiproduct biorefinery: A techno-economic analysis
Barragán, J. A. H., Olivieri, G., Boboescu, I. Z., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.948086 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Schultz‐Johansen, M., Cueff, M., Hardouin, K., Jam, M., Larocque, R., Glaring, M. A., Hervé, C., Czjzek, M., & Stougaard, P. (2018) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.14662 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Enzymatic production of xylooligosaccharides from red alga dulse (Palmaria sp.) wasted in Japan
Yamamoto, Y. Y., Kishimura, H., Kinoshita, Y., Saburi, W., Kumagai, Y., Yasui, H., & Ojima, T. (2019) · Process Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2019.03.030 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Cipolatti, E. P., Valério, A., Henriques, R. O., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.179 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Sierra, L. S., Wilken, L. R., Mallawarachchi, S., & Nikolov, Z. L. (2021) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2021.102248 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Tong, X., Qi, Z., Zheng, D., et al. (2021) · Bioorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104906 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Tolpežnikaitė, E., Bartkevičs, V., Ružauskas, M., Pilkaitytė, R., Viškelis, P., Urbonavičienė, D., Zavistanavičiūtė, P., Zokaitytė, E., Ruibys, R., & Bartkienė, E. (2021) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods10092226 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Fournière, M., Latire, T., Lang, M., Terme, N., Bourgougnon, N., & Bedoux, G. (2019) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo9090182 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering
(2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2021-0-00564-2 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Enzymatic Modification of Porphyra dioica-Derived Proteins to Improve their Antioxidant Potential
Pimentel, F. B., Cermeño, M., Kleekayai, T., et al. (2020) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules25122838 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Wang, Z., Forelli, N., Hernandez, Y. A., Ternei, M. A., & Brady, S. F. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28292-x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals
Ravishankar, G. A., & Ambati, R. R. (2019) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780429054242 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Wang, C., Shen, Z., Cui, X. Y., Jiang, Y., & Jiang, X. (2020) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-019-01963-x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Pleißner, D., Schönfelder, S., Händel, N., et al. (2023) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129281 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Song, T., Liu, L., Tang, Q., Xiang, S., Wang, B., Zhang, S., Wang, X., Chu, Y., Luo, D., & Lin, J. (2021) · Food Hydrocolloids · doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107382 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Farvin, K. H. S., Alagarsamy, S., Arnous, A., et al. (2021) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2021.102292 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Shu, L., Zheng, X., Qi, S., et al. (2023) · Enzyme and Microbial Technology · doi:10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110266 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Zhang, T., Li, B., Wang, Z., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1158348 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
(2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2021-0-00157-7 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
López, E. N., Jiménez, M. J., Sánchez, M. D. M., et al. (2023) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2023.103073 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Martins, V. A., Branco, D. A. C., & Hallack, M. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15030737 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Knez, Ž., & Lütge, C. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-34636-1 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Bioprocessing of Microalgae for the Production of Value Compounds
Markou, G., Economou, C. Ν., & Chentir, I. (2019) · Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals · doi:10.1201/9780429057892-17 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Microalgae biotechnology and its role in sustainable and healthy food design
Schneider, A. T., Machado, R. L. S., Dutra, D. A., Machado, E. F., Dias, R. R., Deprá, M. C., Zepka, L. Q., & Jacob-Lopes, E. (2025) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2025.1716473 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“This results in improved digestibility, functionality, and sensory pro fi les (Parsaeimehr and Ozbay, 2024; Garofalo et al., 2022).”
- Authors
- Parsaeimehr, A., & Ozbay, G.
- Affiliations
- Delaware State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ozbay, Gulnihal
- Venue
- Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-02
- Volume
- 56
- Pages
- 103042
- ISSN
- 1878-8181 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4391250683
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3
- FWCI
- 3.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- USDA NIFA (2017-38821-26439)
- National Science Foundation (1757353)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Enzyme Production and Characterization
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Keywords
- algae, enzymatic extraction, algal biomass, microalgae, seaweed, food applications, nutrient extraction, hydrocolloids, sustainable extraction, malnutrition
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review