A novel small-molecule disrupts Stat3 SH2 domain–phosphotyrosine interactions and Stat3-dependent tumor processes
Open accessAbstract
The molecular modeling of the phosphotyrosine (pTyr)-SH2 domain interaction in the Stat3:Stat3 dimerization, combined with in silico structural analysis of the Stat3 dimerization disruptor, S3I-201, has furnished a diverse set of analogs. We present evidence from in vitro biochemical and biophysical studies that the structural analog, S3I-201.1066 directly interacts with Stat3 or the SH2 domain, with an affinity (K(D)) of 2.74microM, and disrupts the binding of Stat3 to the cognate pTyr-peptide, GpYLPQTV-NH(2), with an IC(50) of 23microM. Moreover, S3I-201.1066 selectively blocks the association of Stat3 with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and inhibits Stat3 tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in EGF-stimulated mouse fibroblasts. In cancer cells that harbor aberrant Stat3 activity, S3I-201.1066 inhibits constitutive Stat3 DNA-binding and transcriptional activities. By contrast, S3I-201.1066 has no effect on Src activation or the EGFR-mediated activation of the Erk1/2(MAPK) pathway. S3I-201.1066 selectively suppresses the viability, survival, and malignant transformation of the human breast and pancreatic cancer lines and the v-Src-transformed mouse fibroblasts harboring persistently active Stat3. Treatment with S3I-201.1066 of malignant cells harboring aberrantly active Stat3 down-regulated the expression of c-Myc, Bcl-xL, Survivin, the matrix metalloproteinase 9, and VEGF. The in vivo administration of S3I-201.1066-induced significant antitumor response in mouse models of human breast cancer, which correlates with the inhibition of constitutively active Stat3 and the suppression of known Stat3-regulated genes. Our studies identify a novel small-molecule that binds with a high affinity to Stat3, blocks Stat3 activation and function, and thereby induces antitumor response in human breast tumor xenografts harboring persistently active Stat3.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Small molecules, peptides, or peptidomimetic compounds targeting the STAT3 SH2 domain are designed to disrupt STAT3 dimerization, preventing its translocation to the nucleus and transcription.
“Such molecules are designed to disrupt STAT3 dimerization, thus preventing its translocation to the nucleus and transcription.”
From Critical analysis of the potential for targeting STAT3 in human malignancy (2013) · cites this paper as [103]
STAT3 may be targeted via its SH2 domain by small molecules, peptides, or peptidomimetic compounds.
“STAT3 may be targeted via its SH2 domain by small molecules, peptides, or peptidomimetic compounds.101–104”
From Critical analysis of the potential for targeting STAT3 in human malignancy (2013) · cites this paper as [103]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Development and validation of a genetic algorithm for flexible docking 1 1Edited by F. E. Cohen
Jones, G., Willett, P., Glen, R. C., Leach, A. R., & Taylor, R. (1997) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.1996.0897 · Cited by 6,763 · see citing works
The STATs of cancer — new molecular targets come of age
Yu, H., & Jove, R. (2004) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc1275 · Cited by 2,278 · see citing works
Bowman, T., Garcia, R., Turkson, J., & Jove, R. (2000) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203527 · Cited by 1,743 · see citing works
Self-citationCatlett-Falcone, R., Landowski, T. H., Oshiro, M. M., Turkson, J., Levitzki, A., Savino, R., Ciliberto, G., Moscinski, L., Fernández-Luna, J. L., Nuñez, G., et al. (1999) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80011-4 · Cited by 1,638 · see citing works
Self-citationConstitutive Stat3 activity up-regulates VEGF expression and tumor angiogenesis
Niu, G., Wright, K. L., Huang, M., Song, L., Haura, E., Turkson, J., Zhang, S., Wang, T., Sinibaldi, D., Coppola, D., et al. (2002) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205260 · Cited by 1,207 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role of STATs in transcriptional control and their impact on cellular function
Bromberg, J., & Darnell, J. E. (2000) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203476 · Cited by 1,201 · see citing works
Transcription factors as targets for cancer therapy
Darnell, J. E. (2002) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc906 · Cited by 1,194 · see citing works
Buettner, R., Mora, L. B., & Jove, R. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 1,021 · see citing works
Enhanced DNA-Binding Activity of a Stat3-Related Protein in Cells Transformed by the Src Oncoprotein
Yu, C.-L., Meyer, D. J., Campbell, G. S., Larner, A. C., Carter-Su, C., Schwartz, J., & Jove, R. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7541555 · Cited by 931 · see citing works
Shuai, K., Horvath, C. M., Huang, L. H. T., Qureshi, S. A., Cowburn, D., & Darnell, J. E. (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90357-3 · Cited by 807 · see citing works
Three-dimensional structure of the Stat3β homodimer bound to DNA
Becker, S., Groner, B., & Müller, C. W. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/28101 · Cited by 792 · see citing works
Garcia, R., Bowman, T. L., Niu, G., Yu, H., Minton, S., Muro‐Cacho, C., Cox, C. E., Falcone, R., Fairclough, R., Parsons, S. J., et al. (2001) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204349 · Cited by 747 · see citing works
Siddiquee, K., Zhang, S., Guida, W. C., Blaskovich, M. A., Greedy, B. M., Lawrence, H. R., Yip, M. L. R., Jove, R., McLaughlin, M. M., Lawrence, N. J., et al. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0609757104 · Cited by 734 · see citing works
Self-citationStat3 Activation by Src Induces Specific Gene Regulation and Is Required for Cell Transformation
Turkson, J., Bowman, T., Garcia, R., Caldenhoven, E., De Groot, R. P., & Jove, R. (1998) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.18.5.2545 · Cited by 651 · see citing works
Self-citationSTAT proteins: novel molecular targets for cancer drug discovery
Turkson, J., & Jove, R. (2000) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204086 · Cited by 643 · see citing works
Self-citationBlaskovich, M. A., Sun, J., Cantor, A. B., Turkson, J., Jove, R., & Sebti, S. M. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Self-citationGritsko, T., Williams, A., Turkson, J., Kaneko, S., Bowman, T., Huang, M., Nam, S., Eweis, I., Diaz, N., Sullivan, D., et al. (2006) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-1752 · Cited by 563 · see citing works
Self-citationWei, D., Le, X., Zheng, L., Wang, L., Frey, J. A., Gao, A. C., Peng, Z., Huang, S., Xiong, H. Q., Abbruzzese, J. L., et al. (2003) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206122 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Xie, T., Wei, D., Liu, M., Gao, A. C., Ali‐Osman, F., Sawaya, R. A., & Huang, S. (2004) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207383 · Cited by 550 · see citing works
Mora, L. B., Buettner, R., Seigne, J. D., Diaz, J. I., Ahmad, N., Garcia, R., Bowman, T. L., Falcone, R., Fairclough, R., Cantor, A. B., et al. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Song, H., Wang, R., Wang, S., & Lin, J. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0409894102 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
STAT3 as a target for inducing apoptosis in solid and hematological tumors
Siddiquee, K., & Turkson, J. (2008) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/cr.2008.18 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Self-citationTurkson, J., Ryan, D., Kim, J. S., Zhang, Y., Chen, Z. J., Haura, E. B., Laudano, A., Sebti, S. M., Hamilton, A. D., & Jove, R. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m107527200 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Self-citationTargeting STAT3 in cancer: how successful are we?
Yue, P.-B., & Turkson, J. (2009) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1517/13543780802565791 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Self-citationSeidel, H. M., Milocco, L. H., Lamb, P., Darnell, J. E., Stein, R. B., & Rosen, J. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.7.3041 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Real, P. J., Sierra, A., de Juan, A., Segovia, J. C., Lopez-Vega, J. M., & Fernandez-Luna, J. L. (2002) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206004 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Immortal Human Pancreatic Duct Epithelial Cell Lines with Near Normal Genotype and Phenotype
Ouyang, H. W., Mou, L.-J., Luk, C. K., Liu, N., Karásková, J., Squire, J. A., & Tsao, M. (2000) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64800-6 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Validating Stat3 in cancer therapy
Darnell, J. E. (2005) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0605-595 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
STAT proteins as novel targets for cancer drug discovery
Turkson, J. (2004) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1517/14728222.8.5.409 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Self-citationCucurbitacin Q: a selective STAT3 activation inhibitor with potent antitumor activity
Sun, J., Blaskovich, M. A., Jove, R., Livingston, S. K., Coppola, D., & Sebti, S. M. (2005) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1208470 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Turkson, J., Bowman, T. L., Adnane, J., Zhang, Y., Djeu, J. Y., Sekharam, M., Frank, D. A., Holzman, L. B., Wu, J., Sebti, S. M., et al. (1999) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.19.11.7519 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Self-citationTurkson, J., Kim, J. S., Zhang, S., Yuan, J., Huang, M., Glenn, M. P., Haura, E. B., Sebti, S. M., Hamilton, A. D., & Jove, R. (2004) · Molecular Cancer Therapeutics · doi:10.1158/1535-7163.261.3.3 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Self-citationThe STAT3 isoforms α and β have unique and specific functions
Maritano, D., Sugrue, M. L., Tininini, S., Dewilde, S., Strobl, B., Fu, X., Murray-Tait, V., Chiarle, R., & Poli, V. (2004) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1052 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Role of Stat3 in suppressing anti-tumor immunity
Kortylewski, M., & Yu, H. (2008) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2008.03.010 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Siddiquee, K., Gunning, P. T., Glenn, M. P., Katt, W. P., Zhang, S., Schrock, C. E., Sebti, S. M., Jove, R., Hamilton, A. D., & Turkson, J. (2007) · ACS Chemical Biology · doi:10.1021/cb7001973 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Self-citationOverexpressed pp60c-src can induce focus formation without complete transformation of NIH 3T3 cells.
Johnson, P. J., Coussens, P. M., Danko, A. V., & Shalloway, D. I. (1985) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.5.5.1073 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Activation of Stat3 in v-Src-transformed Fibroblasts Requires Cooperation of Jak1 Kinase Activity
Zhang, Y., Turkson, J., Carter‐Su, C., Smithgall, T. E., Levitzki, A., Kraker, A. J., Krolewski, J. J., Medveczky, P. G., & Jove, R. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m002383200 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Self-citationTurkson, J., Zhang, S., Mora, L. B., Burns, A. C., Sebti, S. M., & Jove, R. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m502694200 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Self-citationParadigm shifts in the cell biology of STAT signaling
Sehgal, P. B. (2008) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2008.07.003 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Identification of a High-Affinity Phosphopeptide Inhibitor of Stat3
Ren, Z., Cabell, L. A., Schaefer, T. S., & McMurray, J. S. (2003) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/s0960-894x(02)01050-8 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Coleman, Ren, Z., Mandal, P. K., Cameron, A. G., Dyer, G. A., Muranjan, S., Campbell, M. L., Chen, X., & McMurray, J. S. (2005) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm050513m · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Zhao, S., Venkatasubbarao, K., Lazor, J. W., Sperry, J. C., Jin, C., Cao, L., & Freeman, J. W. (2008) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-5123 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Bromberg, J. (2000) · Breast Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/bcr38 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Schust, J., & Berg, T. (2004) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ab.2004.03.024 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Fletcher, S., Turkson, J., & Gunning, P. T. (2008) · ChemMedChem · doi:10.1002/cmdc.200800123 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationStat3 as a Potential Target for Cancer Immunotherapy
Kortylewski, M., & Yu, H. (2007) · Journal of Immunotherapy · doi:10.1097/01.cji.0000211327.76266.65 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Fuh, B., Sobo, M., Cen, L., Josiah, D. T., Hutzen, B. J., Cisek, K. K., Bhasin, D. K., Regan, N., Lin, L., Chan, C., et al. (2009) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6604793 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Huang, C., Cao, J., Huang, K., Zhang, F., Jiang, T., Zhu, L., & Qiu, Z. (2006) · Cancer Science · doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2006.00340.x · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Fletcher, S., Singh, J., Zhang, X., Yue, P., Page, B. D. G., Sharmeen, S., Shahani, V. M., Zhao, W. M., Schimmer, A. D., Turkson, J., et al. (2009) · ChemBioChem · doi:10.1002/cbic.200900172 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationDesign, synthesis, and studies of small molecule STAT3 inhibitors
Bhasin, D. K., Cisek, K. K., Pandharkar, T., Regan, N., Li, C., Pandit, B., Lin, J., & Li, P. (2007) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.10.031 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Wagner, M., Kleeff, J. H., Frieß, H., Büchler, M. W., & Korc, M. (1999) · Pancreas · doi:10.1097/00006676-199911000-00008 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Gouilleux, F., Moritz, D. R., Humar, M., Moriggl, R., Berchtold, S., & Groner, B. (1995) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.136.12.7588326 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Gunning, P. T., Glenn, M. P., Siddiquee, K., Katt, W. P., Masson, E., Sebti, S. M., Turkson, J., & Hamilton, A. D. (2008) · ChemBioChem · doi:10.1002/cbic.200800291 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationSchröder, M., Kroeger, K. M., Volk, H., Eidne, K. A., & Grütz, G. (2004) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.1003496 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 57 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [40]Jones G Willett P Glen RC Leach AR Taylor R Development and validation of a genetic algorithm for flexible docking J Mol Biol 1997 267 727 48 9126849
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Targeting the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signalling axis in cancer
Johnson, D. E., O'Keefe, R. A., & Grandis, J. R. (2018) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2018.8 · Cited by 3,110 · see citing works
The JAK/STAT signaling pathway: from bench to clinic
Hu, X., li, J., Fu, M., Zhao, X., & Wang, W. (2021) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-021-00791-1 · Cited by 2,633 · see citing works
JAK and STAT Signaling Molecules in Immunoregulation and Immune-Mediated Disease
O’Shea, J. J., & Plenge, R. M. (2012) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2012.03.014 · Cited by 1,146 · see citing works
Targeting the Interleukin-6/Jak/Stat Pathway in Human Malignancies
Sansone, P., & Bromberg, J. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2010.31.8907 · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Ouyang, S., Li, H., Lou, L., Huang, Q., Zhang, Z., Mo, J., Li, M., Lu, J., Zhu, K., Chu, Y., et al. (2022) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2022.102317 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
Self-citationTherapeutic modulators of STAT signalling for human diseases
Miklóssy, G., Hilliard, T. S., & Turkson, J. (2013) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd4088 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Self-citationStrategies and Approaches of Targeting STAT3 for Cancer Treatment
Furtek, S. L., Backos, D. S., Matheson, C. J., & Reigan, P. (2016) · ACS Chemical Biology · doi:10.1021/acschembio.5b00945 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Yue, P., Page, B. D. G., Li, T., Zhao, W. M., Namanja, A. T., Paladino, D., Zhao, J., Chen, Y., Gunning, P. T., et al. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1121606109 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Self-citationFeedback Activation of STAT3 as a Cancer Drug-Resistance Mechanism
Zhao, C., Li, H., Lin, H.-J. L., Yang, S., Lin, J., & Liang, G. (2015) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2015.10.001 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Identification of Niclosamide as a New Small-Molecule Inhibitor of the STAT3 Signaling Pathway
Ren, X., Duan, L., He, Q., Zhang, Z., Zhou, Y., Wu, D., Pan, J., Pei, D., & Ding, K. (2010) · ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/ml100146z · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Dong, J., Cheng, X.-D., Zhang, W.-D., & Qin, J.-J. (2021) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00629 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
STAT3 in the Systemic Inflammation of Cancer Cachexia
Zimmers, T., Fishel, M., & Bonetto, A. (2016) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.02.009 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Tumor microenvironment in ovarian cancer: function and therapeutic strategy
Yang, Y., Yang, Y., Yang, J., Zhao, X., & Wei, X. (2020) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.00758 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Targeting the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway Using Phytocompounds for Cancer Prevention and Therapy
Bose, S., Banerjee, S., Mondal, A., Chakraborty, U., Pumarol, J., Croley, C. R., & Bishayee, A. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9061451 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Small Molecule Inhibitors of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (Stat3) Protein
Debnath, B., Xu, S., & Neamati, N. (2012) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm300207s · Cited by 205 · see citing works
STAT3 inhibition, a novel approach to enhancing targeted therapy in human cancers
Wang, X., Crowe, P. J., Goldstein, D., & Yang, J. (2012) · International Journal of Oncology · doi:10.3892/ijo.2012.1568 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
STAT inhibitors for cancer therapy
Furqan, M., Akinleye, A., Mukhi, N., Mittal, V., Chen, Y., & Liu, D. (2013) · Journal of Hematology & Oncology · doi:10.1186/1756-8722-6-90 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Sun, C. C., Vaja, V., Babitt, J. L., & Lin, H. Y.-F. (2011) · American Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1002/ajh.23110 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Sun, Y., Pireddu, R., Yang, H., Urlam, M. K., Lawrence, H. R., Guida, W. C., Lawrence, N. J., & Sebti, S. M. (2013) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3175 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Self-citationTwo decades of research in discovery of anticancer drugs targeting STAT3, how close are we?
Beebe, J., Liu, J., & Zhang, J. (2018) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.006 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Yue, P., Zhang, X., Paladino, D., Sengupta, B., Ahmad, S., Holloway, R. W., Ingersoll, S. B., & Turkson, J. (2011) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2011.409 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citationEiring, A. M., Page, B. D. G., Kraft, I. L., Mason, C. C., Vellore, N. A., Resetca, D., Zabriskie, M. S., Zhang, T. Y., Khorashad, J. S., Engar, A., et al. (2014) · Leukemia · doi:10.1038/leu.2014.245 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citationHepcidin antagonists for potential treatments of disorders with hepcidin excess
Poli, M., Asperti, M., Ruzzenenti, P., Regoni, M., & Arosio, P. (2014) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2014.00086 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Liu, L., Leung, K., Chan, D. S.-H., Wang, Y.-T., Ma, D., & Leung, C.-H. (2014) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/cddis.2014.250 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Small-molecule inhibition of STAT3 in radioresistant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Bharadwaj, U., Eckols, T. K., Xu, X.-J., Kasembeli, M., Chen, Y.-Y., Adachi, M., Song, Y.-C., Mo, Q., Lai, S., & Tweardy, D. (2016) · OncoTarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.8368 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Progress towards the development of SH2 domain inhibitors
Kraskouskaya, D., Duodu, E., Arpin, C. C., & Gunning, P. T. (2013) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c3cs35449k · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationToosendanin demonstrates promising antitumor efficacy in osteosarcoma by targeting STAT3
Zhang, T., Li, J., Yin, F., Lin, B., Wang, Z., Xu, J., Wang, H., Zuo, D., Wang, G., Hua, Y., et al. (2017) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2017.270 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
The JAK/STAT signaling cascade in gastric carcinoma (Review)
Khanna, P., Chua, P. J., Bay, B., & Baeg, G. H. (2015) · International Journal of Oncology · doi:10.3892/ijo.2015.3160 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Cheng, Y., Holloway, M. P., Nguyen, K., McCauley, D., Landesman, Y., Kauffman, M. G., Shacham, S., & Altura, R. A. (2014) · Molecular Cancer Therapeutics · doi:10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0416 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Targeting STAT3 in cancer and autoimmune diseases
Gharibi, T., Babaloo, Z., Hosseini, A., Abdollahpour‐Alitappeh, M., Hashemi, V., Marofi, F., Nejati‐Koshki, K., & Baradaran, B. (2020) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173107 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 inhibitors: a patent review
Page, B. D. G., Ball, D. P., & Gunning, P. T. (2010) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents · doi:10.1517/13543776.2011.539205 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationSmall Molecule STAT5-SH2 Domain Inhibitors Exhibit Potent Antileukemia Activity
Page, B. D. G., Khoury, H., Laister, R. C., Fletcher, S., Vellozo, M., Manzoli, A., Yue, P., Turkson, J., Minden, M. D., & Gunning, P. T. (2011) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm200720n · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationHuang, Q., Zhong, Y., Dong, H., Zheng, Q., Shi, S., Zhu, K., Qu, X., Hu, W., Zhang, X., & Wang, Y. (2019) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111922 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationGu, Y., Mohammad, I., & Liu, Z. (2020) · Oncology Letters · doi:10.3892/ol.2020.11394 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Anticancer activity and SAR studies of substituted 1,4-naphthoquinones
Bhasin, D. K., Chettiar, S. N., Etter, J. P., Mok, M., & Li, P. (2013) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2013.05.017 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Bill, M. A., Nicholas, C., Mace, T. A., Etter, J. P., Li, C., Schwartz, E. B., Fuchs, J. R., Young, G. S., Lin, L., Lin, J., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040724 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
STAT signaling in the pathogenesis and treatment of myeloid malignancies
Bar-Natan, M., Nelson, E., Xiang, M., & Frank, D. (2012) · JAK-STAT · doi:10.4161/jkst.20006 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
STAT3: A Potential Drug Target for Tumor and Inflammation
Hu, Y. S., Han, X., & Liu, X. H. (2019) · Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/1568026619666190620145052 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Masciocchi, D., Gelain, A., Villa, S., Meneghetti, F., & Barlocco, D. (2011) · Future Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.4155/fmc.11.22 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Zhao, W. M., Jaganathan, S., & Turkson, J. (2010) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.154088 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationYue, P., Lopez‐Tapia, F., Paladino, D., Li, Y., Chen, C., Namanja, A. T., Hilliard, T. S., Chen, Y., Tius, M. A., & Turkson, J. (2015) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3558 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationSTAT-3 Inhibitors: State of the Art and New Horizons for Cancer Treatment
Lavecchia, A., Giovanni, C. D., & Novellino, E. (2011) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/092986711795843218 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Dzobo, K., & Dandara, C. (2020) · OMICS A Journal of Integrative Biology · doi:10.1089/omi.2020.0023 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Interleukin-6 serves as a critical factor in various cancer progression and therapy
Mohamed, A. H., Ahmed, A. T., Abdulmonem, W. A., Bokov, D. O., Shafie, A., Al‐Hetty, H. R. A. K., Hsu, C., Alissa, M., Nazir, S., Jamali, M. C., et al. (2024) · Medical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12032-024-02422-5 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Methylation of SLFN11 is a Marker of Poor Prognosis and Cisplatin Resistance in Colorectal Cancer
He, T., Zhang, M., Zheng, R., Zheng, S., Linghu, E., Herman, J. G., & Guo, M. (2017) · Epigenomics · doi:10.2217/epi-2017-0019 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Negative regulators of STAT3 signaling pathway in cancers
Wu, M., Song, D., Li, H. Z., Yang, Y., Ma, X., Deng, S., Ren, C., & Shu, X. H. (2019) · Cancer Management and Research · doi:10.2147/cmar.s206175 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Xiao, H., Bid, H. K., Jou, D., Wu, X., Yu, W., Li, C., Houghton, P. J., & Lin, J. (2014) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m114.616748 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Targeting Sh2 Domains in Breast Cancer
Morlacchi, P., Robertson, F. M., Klostergaard, J., & McMurray, J. S. (2014) · Future Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.4155/fmc.14.120 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
STAT3 upregulation in pituitary somatotroph adenomas induces growth hormone hypersecretion
Zhou, C., Jiao, Y., Wang, R., Ren, S.-G., Wawrowsky, K., & Melmed, S. K. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci78173 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
A STAT inhibitor patent review: progress since 2011
Lai, P., Rosa, D. A., Ali, A. M., Gómez‐Biagi, R. F., Ball, D. P., Shouksmith, A. E., & Gunning, P. T. (2015) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents · doi:10.1517/13543776.2015.1086749 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationBioactive sesquiterpene lactones and other compounds isolated from Vernonia cinerea
Youn, U. J., Miklóssy, G., Chai, X., Wongwiwatthananukit, S., Toyama, O., Songsak, T., Turkson, J., & Chang, L. C. (2013) · Fitoterapia · doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2013.12.013 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationPage, B. D. G., Fletcher, S., Yue, P., Li, Z., Zhang, X., Sharmeen, S., Datti, A., Wrana, J. L., Trudel, S., Schimmer, A. D., et al. (2011) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.056 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationMitra, R. N., Doshi, M., Zhang, X., Tyus, J. C., Bengtsson, N. E., Fletcher, S., Page, B. D. G., Turkson, J., Gesquiere, A. J., Gunning, P. T., et al. (2011) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.10.068 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationSTAT3, the Challenge for Chemotherapeutic and Radiotherapeutic Efficacy
Yang, P.-L., Liu, L.-X., Li, E., & Xu, L. (2020) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers12092459 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
YM155 Induces EGFR Suppression in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Na, Y.-S., Yang, S., Kim, S.-M., Jung, K.-A., Moon, J.-H., Shin, J.-S., Yoon, D. H., Hong, Y. S., Ryu, M., Lee, J., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038625 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Camporeale, A., Marino, F., Papageorgiou, A., Carai, P., Fornero, S., Fletcher, S., Page, B., Gunning, P., Forni, M., Chiarle, R., et al. (2013) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1002/emmm.201201876 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationHuang, R.-Z., Jing, X.-T., Huang, X., Pan, Y.-M., Fang, Y., Liang, G.-B., Liao, Z., Wang, H., Chen, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2020) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01386 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Yu, W., Li, C., Zhang, W., Xia, Y., Li, S., Lin, J., Yu, K., Liu, M., Yang, L. F., Luo, J., et al. (2017) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01489 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Zhang, W., Yu, W., Cai, G., Zhu, J., Zhang, C., Li, S., Guo, J., Yin, G.-P., Chen, C., & Kong, L. (2018) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-018-1139-z · Cited by 48 · see citing works
RetractedResetca, D., Haftchenary, S., Gunning, P. T., & Wilson, D. J. (2014) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m114.595454 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationNovel STAT3 Inhibitors Targeting STAT3 Dimerization by Binding to the STAT3 SH2 Domain
Hua, Y., Xing, Y., Shen, Y., Wang, J., Azeem, W., Yang, S., Gade, A., Lellahi, S. M., Oyan, A. M., Ke, X., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.836724 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Gürbüz, V., Konaç, E., Varol, N., Yılmaz, A., Gürocak, S., Menevşe, S., & Sözen, S. (2014) · Oncology Letters · doi:10.3892/ol.2014.1795 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Withaferin A Inhibits STAT3 and Induces Tumor Cell Death in Neuroblastoma and Multiple Myeloma
Yco, L., Mócz, G., Opoku‐Ansah, J., & Bachmann, A. S. (2014) · Biochemistry Insights · doi:10.4137/bci.s18863 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Discovery of Novel Azetidine Amides as Potent Small-Molecule STAT3 Inhibitors
Brotherton‐Pleiss, C., Yue, P., Zhu, Y., Nakamura, K., Chen, W., Fu, W., Kubota, C. S., Chen, J., Alonso-Valenteen, F., Mikhael, S., et al. (2020) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01705 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationIdentification of Purine-Scaffold Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Stat3 Activation by QSAR Studies
Shahani, V. M., Yue, P., Haftchenary, S., Zhao, W. M., Lukkarila, J. L., Zhang, X., Ball, D. P., Nona, C. N., Gunning, P. T., & Turkson, J. (2010) · ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/ml100224d · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationRetractedIdentification of new shikonin derivatives as STAT3 inhibitors
Qiu, H., Fu, J., Yang, M., Han, H., Wang, P., Zhang, Y., Lin, H., Tang, C., Qi, J., Yang, R., et al. (2017) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2017.10.009 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Page, B. D. G., Croucher, D. C., Li, Z., Haftchenary, S., Jimenez-Zepeda, V. H., Atkinson, J. M., Spagnuolo, P. A., Wong, Y. L., Colaguori, R., Lewis, A. M., et al. (2013) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm3017255 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationSzeląg, M., Czerwoniec, A., Wesoły, J., & Bluyssen, H. A. R. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116688 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Huang, Y.-H., Vakili, M. R., Molavi, O., Morrissey, Y. C., Wu, C., de Paiva, I. M., Soleimani, A. H., Sanaee, F., Lavasanifar, A., & Lai, R. L. (2019) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers11020248 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Shahani, V. M., Yue, P., Fletcher, S., Sharmeen, S., Sukhai, M. A., Luu, D. P., Zhang, X., Sun, H., Zhao, W. M., Schimmer, A. D., et al. (2010) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2010.12.010 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationYeh, J., & Frank, D. A. (2015) · ChemMedChem · doi:10.1002/cmdc.201500482 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Novel aminotetrazole derivatives as selective STAT3 non-peptide inhibitors
Pallandre, J., Borg, C., Rognan, D., Boibessot, T., Luzet, V., Yesylevskyy, S. O., Ramseyer, C., & Pudlo, M. (2015) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.08.054 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Saravia-Butler, A., Scotti, M. L., Li, S., Smith, K. E., Fields, A. P., & Murray, N. R. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072061 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Auzenne, E. J., Klostergaard, J., Mandal, P. K., Liao, W. S. ‐., Lü, Z., Gao, F., Bast, R. C., Robertson, F. M., & McMurray, J. S. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Identification of New Shikonin Derivatives as Antitumor Agents Targeting STAT3 SH2 Domain
Qiu, H., Zhu, X., Luo, Y., Lin, H., Tang, C., Qi, J., Pang, Y.-J., Yang, R., Lu, G., Wang, X., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-02671-7 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
STAT3 inhibitor NSC74859 radiosensitizes esophageal cancer via the downregulation of HIF-1α
Zhang, C., Yang, X., Zhang, Q., Guo, Q., He, J., Qin, Q., Zhu, H., Liu, J., Zhan, L., Lü, J., et al. (2014) · Tumor Biology · doi:10.1007/s13277-014-2207-3 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Lamie, P. F., & Philoppes, J. N. (2020) · Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1080/14756366.2020.1740922 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Liu, Z., Wang, H., Guan, L., Lai, C., Yu, W., & Lai, M. (2019) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.14863 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Park, S. K., Byun, W. S., Lee, S., Han, Y. T., Jeong, Y., Jang, K., Chung, S., Lee, J., Suh, Y., & Lee, S. K. (2020) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114053 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
RETRACTED: Lycorine Displays Potent Antitumor Efficacy in Colon Carcinoma by Targeting STAT3
Wu, S., Qiu, Y., Shao, Y., Yin, S., Wang, R. Y., Pang, X., Ma, J., Zhang, C., Wu, B., Koo, S., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00881 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
RetractedMLLT11/AF1q boosts oncogenic STAT3 activity through Src-PDGFR tyrosine kinase signaling
Park, J., Kim, S., Joh, J. J., Remick, S. C., Miller, D. M., Yan, J., Kanaan, Z., Chao, J.-H., Krem, M. M., Basu, S. K., et al. (2016) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.9759 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Miklóssy, G., Youn, U. J., Yue, P., Zhang, M., Chen, C.-H., Hilliard, T. S., Paladino, D., Li, Y., Choi, J. C.-B., Sarkaria, J. N., et al. (2015) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00686 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationFeng, K.-R., Wang, F., Shi, X., Tan, Y., Zhao, J., Zhang, J., Li, Q., Lin, G., Gao, D., & Tian, P. (2020) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112428 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Blaskovich, M. A., Forinash, K. D., & Sebti, S. M. (2014) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.2014.349 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationChelsky, Z. L., Yue, P., Kondratyuk, T. P., Paladino, D., Pezzuto, J. M., Cushman, M., & Turkson, J. (2015) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.115.099093 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationSamsonov, A., Zenser, N., Zhang, F., Zhang, H., Fetter, J. R., & Malkov, D. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068391 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Discovery of a small-molecule inhibitor of STAT3 by ligand-based pharmacophore screening
Leung, K., Liu, L., Lin, S., Lu, L., Zhong, H., Susanti, D., Rao, W., Wang, M., Che, W. I., Chan, D. S., et al. (2014) · Methods · doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.07.010 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Iridoid Glycosides from Barleria lupulina
Kim, K. H., Park, Y. J., Chung, K. H., Yip, M. L. R., Clardy, J., Senger, D. R., & Cao, S. (2015) · Journal of Natural Products · doi:10.1021/np500791a · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Critical analysis of the potential for targeting STAT3 in human malignancy
Grandis, J., & Peyser (2013) · OncoTargets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/ott.s47903 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Yue, P., Zhu, Y., Brotherton‐Pleiss, C., Fu, W., Verma, N., Chen, J., Nakamura, K., Chen, W., Chen, Y., Alonso-Valenteen, F., et al. (2022) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215613 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationExtolling the benefits of molecular therapeutic lipidation
Avadisian, M., & Gunning, P. T. (2013) · Molecular BioSystems · doi:10.1039/c3mb70147f · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationFurtek, S. L., Matheson, C. J., Backos, D. S., & Reigan, P. (2016) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.12868 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Genetic Interactions of STAT3 and Anticancer Drug Development
Fang, B. (2014) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers6010494 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
McMurray, J. S., Mandal, P. K., Liao, W. S. ‐., Klostergaard, J., & Robertson, F. M. (2012) · JAK-STAT · doi:10.4161/jkst.22682 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
STAT3 Inhibitors in Cancer: A Comprehensive Update
Bharadwaj, U., Kasembeli, M. M., & Tweardy, D. J. (2016) · Cancer drug discovery and develogment/Cancer drug discovery and development · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42949-6_5 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Melatonin derivatives combat with inflammation-related cancer by targeting the Main Culprit STAT3
Ma, S., Zhu, L., Fan, X., Luo, T., Liu, D., Liang, Z., Hu, X., Shi, T., Tan, W., & Wang, Z. (2020) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113027 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Chen, L., Feng, D., Qian, Y., Cheng, X., Song, H., Qian, Y., Zhang, X., Wu, Y., Lv, H., Liu, Q., et al. (2021) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153537 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationResearch progress of STAT3-based dual inhibitors for cancer therapy
Yang, X.-J., Xu, L., Yang, L., & Xu, S. (2023) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117382 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Phosphotyrosine isosteres: past, present and future
Cerulli, R. A., & Kritzer, J. A. (2019) · Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c9ob01998g · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Ding, X., Lu, D., & Fan, J. (2021) · Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1093/bbb/zbaa007 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
- Authors
- Zhang, X., Yue, P., Fletcher, S., Zhao, W., Gunning, P. T., & Turkson, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Central Florida (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Turkson, James
- Venue
- Biochemical Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-05
- Volume
- 79
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1398-1409
- ISSN
- 0006-2952 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3188443
- OpenAlex
- W2029638319
- Cited by
- 179
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 9.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biochemical Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (106439, 128865)
- Leukemia and Lymphoma Society of Canada
- University of Toronto
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Keywords
- STAT3, SH2 domain, phosphotyrosine binding, small molecule inhibitors, STAT3 dimerization, EGFR, STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, c-Myc, Bcl-xL, survivin, MMP-9, vascular endothelial growth factor, anticancer activity
- MeSH terms
- Aminosalicylic Acids, Animals, Benzenesulfonates, Breast Neoplasms, Cell Line, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, DNA, Neoplasm, Female, Humans, Mice, Nude, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Transcriptional Activation, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay, src Homology Domains, Surface Plasmon Resonance, Cell Line, Tumor, STAT3 Transcription Factor, Mice, ErbB Receptors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review