Inflammation and survival pathways: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia as a model system

Chen, Lisa S.; Balakrishnan, Kumudha; Gandhi, Varsha

doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2010.07.039

Cited by 55Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ResearchCell death mechanisms and regulationLymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment

Inflammation and survival pathways: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia as a model system

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Chen, Lisa S., Balakrishnan, Kumudha, Gandhi, Varsha·2010·Biochemical Pharmacology

DOI 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.07.039PMC PMC3749885

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Abstract

A primary response to inflammation is an increased survival of the target cell. Several pathways have been identified that promote maintenance of the cell. The principal mechanism for the extended survival is through induction of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins. Bcl-2 was the founding member of this family with five additional members, Bcl-X(L), Bcl-W, Bcl-B, Bfl-1, and Mcl-1, discovered mostly in hematological malignancies. Another mechanism that could add to cell survival is the Pim kinase pathway. This family of enzymes is associated with Myc-driven transcription, cell cycle regulation, degradation of pro-apoptotic proteins, and protein translation. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia serves as an optimal model to understand the mechanism by which these two protein families provide survival advantage to cells. In addition, since this malignancy is known to be maintained by microenvironment milieu, this further adds advantage to investigate mechanisms by which these pro-survival proteins are induced in the presence of stromal support. Multiple mechanisms exists that result in increase in transcript and protein level of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members. Following these inductions, post-translational modifications occur resulting in increased stability of pro-survival proteins, while Pim-mediated phosphorylation inhibits pro-apoptotic protein activity. Furthermore, there is a cross-talk between these two (Bcl-2 family proteins and Pim family proteins) pathways that co-operate with each other for CLL cell survival and maintenance. Vigorous efforts are being made to create small molecules that affect these proteins directly or indirectly. Several of these pharmacological inhibitors are in early clinical trials for patients with hematological malignancies.

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SCAP pathways resemble pathways that protect some cancer cells, such as B cell lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, which release tissue-destructive proapoptotic factors but avoid apoptosis.
“SCAP pathways are similar to those that protect certain types of cancer cells, such as B cell lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, which also release tissue-destructive proapoptotic factors but evade undergoing apoptosis themselves84,85.”
From Cellular senescence and senolytics: the path to the clinic (2022) · cites this paper as [84]
The sections on CLL-cell survival and its microenvironment describe pathways that protect CLL cells from apoptosis and suppress apoptosis in B-lymphoma cells. The microenvironment section also discusses chemokine secretion, but it does not identify the secreted factors as tissue-destructive or proapoptotic. That part of the attributed claim is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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[123]Saleh MPH Hartung J Holmlund J LoBuglio A Forero A Phase I trial of AT-101, an orally bioavailable inhibitor of Bcl-2, in patients with advanced malignancies AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference 2005 suppl3 220

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Authors: Chen, L. S., Balakrishnan, K., & Gandhi, V.
Affiliations: The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
Corresponding author: Gandhi, Varsha
ORCID: Chen, Lisa S.
Gandhi, Varsha
Venue: Biochemical Pharmacology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-12
Volume: 80
Issue: 12
Pages: 1936-1945
ISSN: 0006-2952 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.07.039
PMC: PMC3749885
OpenAlex: W2032320747
Cited by: 55
References: 179
Citations by year: 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 0.76
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Biochemical Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
National Cancer Institute
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Keywords: chronic lymphocytic leukemia, inflammation, cell survival, apoptosis, Bcl-2 family proteins, PIM kinases, anti-apoptotic proteins, tumor microenvironment, stromal support, post-translational modification, protein stability, small molecule inhibitors, hematologic malignancies
MeSH terms: Animals, Antineoplastic Agents, Cell Survival, Humans, Inflammation, Lymphocytes, Signal Transduction, Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell, Apoptosis, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1, Molecular Targeted Therapy

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Inflammation and survival pathways: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia as a model system

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