Cited by 221Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsDementia and Cognitive Impairment Research

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TREM2 and the neuroimmunology of Alzheimer's disease

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Hickman, Suzanne E., El Khoury, Joseph·2014·Biochemical Pharmacology

DOI 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.11.021PMC PMC3972304

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Abstract

Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a sporadic disorder with increasing prevalence in aging. The ɛ4 allele of Apolipoprotein E(ApoEɛ4) was the only known major risk factor for late onset AD. Recently, two groups of investigators independently identified variants of the TREM2 gene, encoding triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 as causing increased susceptibility to late onset AD with an odds ratio similar to that of ApoEɛ4. TREM2 is a receptor expressed on innate immune cells. Using a novel technology called Direct RNA Sequencing wedetermined the quantitative transcriptome of microglia, the principal innate neuroimmune cells and confirmed that TREM2 is a major microglia-specific gene in the central nervous system. Over the past several years we have shown that microglia play a dichotomous role in AD. Microglia can be protective and promote phagocytosis, degradation and ultimately clearance of Aβ, the pathogenic protein deposited in the brains of Alzheimer's patients. However, with disease progression, microglia become dysfunctional, release neurotoxins, lose their ability to clear Aβ and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines that promote Aβ production and accumulation. TREM2 has been shown to regulate the phagocytic ability of myeloid cells and their inflammatory response. Here we propose that the mechanism(s) by which TREM2 variants cause Alzheimer's disease are via down regulation of the Aβ phagocytic ability of microglia and by dysregulation of the pro-inflammatory response of these cells. Based on our discussion we propose that TREM2 is a potential therapeutic target for stopping ordelaying progression of AD.

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Authors: Hickman, S. E., & El Khoury, J.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
ORCID: Hickman, Suzanne E.
Venue: Biochemical Pharmacology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-04
Volume: 88
Issue: 4
Pages: 495-498
ISSN: 0006-2952 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.11.021
PMC: PMC3972304
OpenAlex: W2070847731
Cited by: 221
References: 48
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 13
FWCI: 1.55
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Biochemical Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: NINDS (NS059005)
NIA to JEK (AG032349)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Keywords: TREM2, Alzheimer's disease, late-onset Alzheimer's disease, microglia, neuroimmunology, amyloid-beta clearance, phagocytosis, innate immunity, APOE ε4, genetic risk factors, inflammatory cytokines, therapeutic target
MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Membrane Glycoproteins, Phagocytes, Receptors, Immunologic, Risk Factors, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Microglia, Genetic Predisposition to Disease

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