New insights into the role of TREM2 in Alzheimer’s disease
Open accessAbstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia. The two histopathological markers of AD are amyloid plaques composed of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, and neurofibrillary tangles of aggregated, abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The majority of AD cases are late-onset, after the age of 65, where a clear cause is still unknown. However, there are likely different multifactorial contributors including age, enviornment, biology and genetics which can increase risk for the disease. Genetic predisposition is considerable, with heritability estimates of 60-80%. Genetic factors such as rare variants of TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2) strongly increase the risk of developing AD, confirming the role of microglia in AD pathogenesis. In the last 5 years, several studies have dissected the mechanisms by which TREM2, as well as its rare variants affect amyloid and tau pathologies and their consequences in both animal models and in human studies. In this review, we summarize increases in our understanding of the involvement of TREM2 and microglia in AD development that may open new therapeutic strategies targeting the immune system to influence AD pathogenesis.
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A crystal structure is available for TREM2.
“A crystal structure is available for TREM2 [82].”
From TREM2/PLCγ2 signalling in immune cells: function, structural insight, and potential therapeutic modulation (2021) · cites this paper as [82]
The TREM2 R47H rare variant is associated with significantly increased Alzheimer disease risk.
“As an example, TREM2 is an AD risk gene with a rare variant allele R47H associated with significantly increased risk of AD (Gratuze et al., 2018).”
From Alzheimer Disease: An Update on Pathobiology and Treatment Strategies (2019) · cites this paper as Gratuze et al., 2018
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Daws (2001) · doi:10.1002/1521-4141(200103)31:3
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Alzheimer Disease: An Update on Pathobiology and Treatment Strategies
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LILRB2-mediated TREM2 signaling inhibition suppresses microglia functions
Zhao, P., Xu, Y., Jiang, L.-L., Fan, X., Ku, Z., Li, L., Liu, X., Deng, M., Arase, H., Zhu, J.-J., et al. (2022) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-022-00550-y · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Role of TREM2 in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Long Road Ahead
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Overview of the blood biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease: Promises and challenges
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- Authors
- Gratuze, M., Leyns, C. E. G., & Holtzman, D. M.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Holtzman, David M.
- Venue
- Molecular Neurodegeneration
- Published
- 2018-12
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 66-66
- ISSN
- 1750-1326 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6302500
- OpenAlex
- W2905219483
- Cited by
- 489
- References
- 166
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 59 · 2024: 83 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 86 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 22
- FWCI
- 3.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecular Neurodegeneration (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Edward N. and Della L. Thome Memorial Foundation (none)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- TREM2, Alzheimer's disease, microglia, amyloid plaques, amyloid-beta, tau pathology, genetic risk variants, late-onset Alzheimer's disease, neuroinflammation, therapeutic target, immune system
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Membrane Glycoproteins, Receptors, Immunologic, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Microglia, Plaque, Amyloid
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