The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Human fat cell lipolysis: biochemistry, regulation and clinical role.
Abstract
Release of fatty acids (FAs) from adipose tissue through lipolysis in fat cells is a key event in many processes. FAs are not only energy substrates but also signalling molecules and substrates for lipoprotein production by the liver. Fat cells consist of>95% triglycerides that are hydrolysed during lipolysis to glycerol and FAs. The major rate-limiting factor for lipolysis is hormone-sensitive lipase, but additional lipases such as adipose tissue triglyceride lipase may also play a role. The regulation of human fat cell lipolysis is, in many ways, species unique. Only catecholamines, insulin and natriuretic peptides have pronounced acute effects. Catecholamines influence lipolysis through four different adrenoceptor subtypes, in contrast to rodents where only one subtype (beta(3)) is of major importance. There are regional variations in adipocyte lipolysis leading to more release of FAs from the visceral than subcutaneous adipose tissue during hormone stimulation (insulin, catecholamines). Since, only visceral fat is linked to the liver (by the portal vein), alterations in visceral adipocyte tissue lipolysis have direct effects on the liver through portal FA release. The regional variations in lipolysis are further enhanced in obesity and polycystic ovarian syndrome, and are of importance for dyslipidaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and glucose intolerance in these conditions. There is a marked elevation of circulating FA levels among the obese, which may be due to enhanced production of tumour necrosis factor alpha in adipose tissue. This cytokine stimulates lipolysis through so-called MAP kinases. Pharmacological agents in clinical practice such as nicotinic acid and glitazones exert lipid-lowering and glucose-lowering effects, respectively, by decreasing FA output from the adipose tissue. This review covers the biochemistry, regulation and clinical aspects of human fat cell lipolysis.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The counter-regulatory pathway involving catecholamine-related HSL stimulation is also attenuated in obesity, rendering adipocytes insensitive to catecholamines”
From Effect of Exercise Training on Fat Loss—Energetic Perspectives and the Role of Improved Adipose Tissue Function and Body Fat Distribution (2021) · cites this paper as Arner, 2005
In the citing paper
“Catecholamines act through β-adrenergic receptors in adipocytes, inducing an increase in cAMP levels, which activates PKA and ultimately enhances lipolysis (Arner, 2005).”
From Effect of Exercise Training on Fat Loss—Energetic Perspectives and the Role of Improved Adipose Tissue Function and Body Fat Distribution (2021) · cites this paper as Arner, 2005
In the citing paper
“In adipocytes, fat is stored as triacylglycerol in lipid droplets that make up > 95% of the intracellular content (Arner, 2005).”
From Effect of Exercise Training on Fat Loss—Energetic Perspectives and the Role of Improved Adipose Tissue Function and Body Fat Distribution (2021) · cites this paper as Arner, 2005
In the citing paper
“Insulin signaling in adipocytes through the insulin receptor increases glucose and fatty acid (FA) uptake into the adipocytes (Arner, 2005).”
From Effect of Exercise Training on Fat Loss—Energetic Perspectives and the Role of Improved Adipose Tissue Function and Body Fat Distribution (2021) · cites this paper as Arner, 2005
In the citing paper
“When insulin levels are relatively low, AT releases FFAs into the bloodstream, making them available for muscle and other tissues when needed (Arner, 2005).”
From Effect of Exercise Training on Fat Loss—Energetic Perspectives and the Role of Improved Adipose Tissue Function and Body Fat Distribution (2021) · cites this paper as Arner, 2005
In the citing paper
“Given that the effect of insulin on lipolysis is less pronounced in visceral fat than subcutaneous fat, 60 the slightly higher intraabdominal fat content may have contributed to the higher S-FFA concentrations in type 2 diabetic patients as compared with nondiabetic subjects.”
From Increased liver fat, impaired insulin clearance, and hepatic and adipose tissue insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. (2008) · cites this paper as [60]
Citations
Cites
Fat Mobilization in Adipose Tissue Is Promoted by Adipose Triglyceride Lipase
Zimmermann, R., Bogner‐Strauß, J. G., Haemmerle, G., Schoiswohl, G., Birner‐Gruenberger, R., Riederer, M., Lass, A., Neuberger, G., Eisenhaber, F., Hermetter, A., et al. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1100747 · Cited by 2,121
Splanchnic lipolysis in human obesity
Nielsen, S., Guo, Z., Johnson, C. M., Hensrud, D. D., & Jensen, M. D. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci21047 · Cited by 933
Gender differences in fat metabolism
Blaak, E. E. (2001) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/00075197-200111000-00006 · Cited by 712
Adipocytokines and Insulin Resistance
Pittas, A. G., Joseph, N. A., & Greenberg, A. S. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031005 · Cited by 513
Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Hormone-Sensitive Lipase and Lipolysis
Holm, C. (2003) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst0311120 · Cited by 511
Integrative physiology of human adipose tissue
Frayn, K. N., Karpe, F., Fielding, B. A., Macdonald, I. A., & Coppack, S. W. (2003) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802326 · Cited by 480
The adipocyte in insulin resistance: key molecules and the impact of the thiazolidinediones
Arner, P. (2003) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1043-2760(03)00024-9 · Cited by 423
Self-citationThe mode of action of thiazolidinediones
Hauner, H. (2002) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.249 · Cited by 412
WAJCHENBERG, B. L., Giannella‐Neto, D., Silva, M., & Santos, R. F. (2002) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-2002-38256 · Cited by 394
Misra, A., & Vikram, N. K. (2003) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(02)01003-1 · Cited by 320
Do regional differences in adipocyte biology provide new pathophysiological insights?
Lafontan, M., & Berlan, M. (2003) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0165-6147(03)00132-9 · Cited by 303
Metabolism of lipids in human white adipocyte
Large, V., Peroni, O. D., Letexier, D., Ray, H., & Beylot, M. (2004) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70121-0 · Cited by 298
The Central Role of Perilipin A in Lipid Metabolism and Adipocyte Lipolysis
Tansey, J. T., Sztalryd, C., Hlavin, E. M., Kimmel, A. R., & Londos, C. (2004) · IUBMB Life · doi:10.1080/15216540400009968 · Cited by 275
EXERCISE IN WEIGHT MANAGEMENT OF OBESITY
Poirier, P., & Després, J.-P. (2001) · Cardiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8651(05)70229-0 · Cited by 272
Central Role of the Adipocyte in the Metabolic Syndrome
Bergman, R. N., Van Citters, G. W., Mittelman, S. D., Dea, M. K., Hamilton-Wessler, M., Kim, S. P., & Ellmerer, M. (2001) · Journal of Investigative Medicine · doi:10.2310/6650.2001.34108 · Cited by 202
Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes - Role of the Adipokines
Arner, P. (2005) · Current Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2174/1566524053766022 · Cited by 201
Self-citationvan Harmelen, V., Dicker, A., Rydén, M., Hauner, H., Lönnqvist, F., Näslund, E. B., & Arner, P. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.7.2029 · Cited by 188
Self-citationLipid metabolism in the elderly
Toth, M., & Tchernof, A. (2000) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601033 · Cited by 187
Arner, P. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)79052-8 · Cited by 182
Self-citationLarge, V., & Arner, P. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 168
Self-citationRelationship between plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and insulin resistance
Bastard, J., Pi�roni, L., & Hainque, B. (2000) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/1520-7560(200005/06)16:3 · Cited by 148
The glucose–fatty acid cycle: a physiological perspective
Frayn, K. N. (2003) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst0311115 · Cited by 139
Lipolysis in human adipocytes, effects of cell size, age and of regional differences.
Engfeldt, P., & Arner, P. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 134
Self-citationCultures of Human Adipose Precursor Cells
Hauner, H., Skurk, T., & Wabitsch, M. (2003) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1385/1-59259-231-7:239 · Cited by 123
Conversion from white to brown adipocytes: a strategy for the control of fat mass?
Tiraby, C., & Langin, D. (2003) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2003.10.001 · Cited by 118
Absence of functional insulin receptor substrate-3 ( IRS-3 ) gene in humans
rnholm, M. B. X. F., He, A., Attersand, A., Lake, S., Liu, S., Lienhard, G. E., Taylor, S. I., Arner, P., & Zierath, J. R. (2002) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-002-0945-z · Cited by 116
Self-citationArner, P. (2004) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2004.11.012 · Cited by 99
Self-citationMetabolic impact of body fat distribution
Gasteyger, C., & Tremblay, A. (2002) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03344051 · Cited by 95
Mechanisms Regulating Adipocyte Lipolysis
Carey, G. B. (1998) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1928-1_15 · Cited by 93
Forest, C. D., Tordjman, J., Glorian, M., Duplus, E., Chauvet, G., Quette, J., BEALE, E. G., & Antoine, B. (2003) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst0311125 · Cited by 91
Free fatty acids and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Wyne, K. L. (2003) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2003.09.004 · Cited by 90
Millennium Fat-Cell Lipolysis Reveals Unsuspected Novel Tracks
Langin, D., Lucas, S., & Lafontan, M. (2000) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-2007-978670 · Cited by 63
Insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Schröder, A. K., Tauchert, S., Ortmann, O., Diedrich, K., & Weiss, J. M. (2004) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890410035296 · Cited by 59
Release and effects of prostaglandins in adipose tissue
Richelsen, B. (1992) · Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids · doi:10.1016/0952-3278(92)90235-b · Cited by 57
Is familial combined hyperlipidaemia a genetic disorder of adipose tissue?
Arner, P. (1997) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/00041433-199704000-00006 · Cited by 44
Self-citationGenetic variance and lipolysis regulation: implications for obesity
Arner, P. (2001) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853890108995964 · Cited by 43
Self-citationFat metabolism in exercise – with special reference to training and growth hormone administration
Lange, K. H. W. (2004) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2004.381.x · Cited by 40
Pike, N. B., & Wise, A. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 40
Aging and Hormone-Sensitive Lipolysis: Reconciling the Literature
Gregerman, R. I. (1994) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/49.4.b135 · Cited by 27
Molecular defects of insulin action in the polycystic ovary syndrome: possible tissue specificity.
Ciaraldi, T. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 25
Modulation of Lipid Metabolism by Energy Status of Adipocytes
Kopecký, J., Flachs, P., Bardová, K., Brauner, P., Prazak, T., & Sponarova, J. (2002) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04267.x · Cited by 23
Recent data on the regulation of lipolysis by catecholamines and natriuretic peptides.
Lafontan, M., Berlan, M., Štich, V., Crampes, F., Rivière, D., de Glisezinski, I., Sengenès, C., & Galitzky, J. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 19
Adenosine, prostaglandins and phosphodiesterase as targets for obesity pharmacotherapy.
Arner, P. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 8
Self-citationDegerman, E., Resjö, S., Landström, T. R., & Manganiello, V. C. (2003) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1385/1-59259-231-7:167 · Cited by 6
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Adipocyte dysfunctions linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Guilherme, A., Virbasius, J. V., Puri, V., & Czech, M. P. (2008) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm2391 · Cited by 2,292
Adipose-tissue plasticity in health and disease
Sakers, A. P., Siqueira, M. K. D., Seale, P., & Villanueva, C. J. (2022) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.016 · Cited by 1,124
Regulation of Lipolysis in Adipocytes
Duncan, R. E., Ahmadian, M., Jaworski, K., Sarkadi-Nagy, E., & Sul, H. S. (2007) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093734 · Cited by 1,021
The interaction of hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism in liver diseases
Bechmann, L. P., Hannivoort, R. A., Gerken, G., Hotamışlıgil, G. S., Trauner, M., & Canbay, A. E. (2011) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2011.08.025 · Cited by 1,033
Lipolysis and lipid mobilization in human adipose tissue
Lafontan, M., & Langin, D. (2009) · Progress in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2009.05.001 · Cited by 884
Metadata
- Authors
- Arner, P.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Arner, Peter
- ORCID
- Arner, Peter
- Venue
- Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-12
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 471-482
- ISSN
- 1521-690X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1981933686
- Cited by
- 401
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 2.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Keywords
- adipocyte lipolysis, fatty acid release, hormone-sensitive lipase, catecholamines, adrenergic receptors, insulin, natriuretic peptides, visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, portal vein, hepatic lipoprotein production, obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome, TNF-α, mitogen-activated protein kinase, nicotinic acid, thiazolidinediones, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance
- MeSH terms
- Catecholamines, Female, Humans, Insulin, Lipolysis, Obesity, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Triglycerides, Adipocytes, Natriuretic Peptides, Lipid Metabolism
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
