The DOI matches its Crossref record; 105 of the 110 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Androgen biosynthetic pathways in the human prostate
Abstract
It is well recognized that there are two androgens, namely testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT); T plays an important role in the testis and muscle, and DHT is crucial for the development, function and pathology of the prostate. It is generally thought that DHT is produced from the 5alpha-reduction of circulating T before being inactivated by 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3alpha-HSD) that converts DHT into 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol (3alpha-diol). However, the presence of various steroidogenic enzymes in the prostate as well as the availability at high levels of various steroid precursors such as dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and 4-androstenedione (4-dione) strongly suggest the existence of additional pathways involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of DHT. Because steroidogenesis could be different in different species, data from the literature obtained from various human, dog, rat and mouse prostate tissues, as well as primary cells and prostatic cancer cell lines, provide a somewhat confusing picture. In the present chapter, we review the data in order to provide a clearer picture of the pathways involved in DHT biosynthesis and metabolism in the human prostate.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“numerous studies have shown that CRPC is dependent on the intracrine conversion of circulating androgen precursors of adrenal origin to active androgens reviewed in (Capper et al., 2016, Luu-The et al., 2008, Pretorius et al., 2017, Sharifi and Auchus, 2012).”
From Intracrine androgen biosynthesis, metabolism and action revisited (2018) · cites this paper as Luu-The et al., 2008
Citations
Cites
Jemal, A., Tiwari, R. C., Murray, T., Ghafoor, A., Samuels, A., Ward, E., Feuer, E. J., & Thun, M. J. (2004) · CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/canjclin.54.1.8 · Cited by 3,984
Progress in Clinical and Biological Research
Smyth, J. F. (1979) · Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1136/jcp.32.7.742-d · Cited by 1,558
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
Rainey, W. E., & Rodgers, R. J. (2004) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2004.10.007 · Cited by 1,340
Steroid 5α-reductase: two genes/two enzymes
Russell, D. W., & Wilson, J. D. (1994) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.63.070194.000325 · Cited by 1,105
Important Advances in Oncology
DeVita, V. T., Hellman, S., & Rosenberg, S. A. (1991) · Anti-Cancer Drugs · doi:10.1097/00001813-199108000-00014 · Cited by 760
Tissue distribution and ontogeny of steroid 5 alpha-reductase isozyme expression.
Thigpen, A. E., Silver, R. I., Guileyardo, J. M., Casey, M. L., McConnell, J. D., & Russell, D. W. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci116665 · Cited by 727
Labrie, F. (1991) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/0303-7207(91)90116-a · Cited by 685
Self-citationDeletion of steroid 5α-reductase 2 gene in male pseudohermaphroditism
Andersson, S., Berman, D. M., Jenkins, E. P., & Russell, D. W. (1991) · Nature · doi:10.1038/354159a0 · Cited by 643
Molecular biology of the 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4 –isomerase gene family
Simard, J., Ricketts, M.-L., Gingras, S., Soucy, P., Feltus, F. A., & Melner, M. H. (2005) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2002-0050 · Cited by 620
Male pseudohermaphroditism caused by mutations of testicular 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3
Geissler, W. M., Davis, D. L., Wu, L., Bradshaw, K. D., Patel, S., Mendonca, B. B., Elliston, K. O., Wilson, J. D., Russell, D. W., & Andersson, S. (1994) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0594-34 · Cited by 570
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Robert A, Rheault P, Labrie F, et al. Identification and characterization of an estrogen-activating and androgen-inactivating (EHAL) enzyme. In: Breast Cancer Research National Scientific Conference, Reasons for Hope Abstract: 82; 1999.
- Robert A, Luu-The V. Cloning and characterization of a new form of human 3-keto-reductase specific for saturated steroid. In: CDA/CSEM Professional Conference and Annual Meetings, Ottawa; 1999.
- Mendonca, 1999, 17Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 deficiency in women, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 84, 802
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–173 of 173
Hasegawa, Y., Ijiri, S., Surugaya, R., Sakai, R., & Adachi, S. (2021) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737238 · Cited by 11
Roy, J., Fournier, M.-A., Maltais, R., Kenmogne, L. C., & Poirier, D. (2014) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.12.019 · Cited by 12
LXRs, SHP, and FXR in Prostate Cancer: Enemies or Ménage à Quatre With AR?
Cariello, M., Ducheix, S., Maqdasy, S., Baron, S., Moschetta, A., & Lobaccaro, J. A. (2018) · Nuclear Receptor Signaling · doi:10.1177/1550762918801070 · Cited by 12
Applying mass spectrometric methods to study androgen biosynthesis and metabolism in prostate cancer
Knuuttila, M., Hämäläinen, E. K., & POUTANEN, M. H. (2019) · Journal of Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/jme-18-0150 · Cited by 10
Hormonal therapy for prostate cancer: Current topics and future perspectives
Suzuki, H., Hinotsu, S., Akaza, H., Fujii, Y., Kawakami, S., Kihara, K., Akakura, K., Suzuki, M., Kitamura, T., Homma, Y., et al. (2010) · International Journal of Urology · doi:10.1111/j.1442-2042.2010.02460.x · Cited by 11
Shen, Z., Saloniemi, T., Rönnblad, A., Järvensivu, P., Pakarinen, P., & Poutanen, M. (2009) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2009-0670 · Cited by 10
Cortés‐Benítez, F., Roy, J., Perreault, M., Maltais, R., & Poirier, D. (2021) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105846 · Cited by 12
Samson, M., Labrie, F., & Luu-The, V. (2009) · Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1515/hmbci.2010.009 · Cited by 10
Gent, R., du Toit, T., & Swart, A. C. (2019) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.04.018 · Cited by 10
Haag, M., Hamann, T., Kulle, A. E., Riepe, F. G., Blatt, T., Wenck, H., Holterhus, P., & Peirano, R. I. (2012) · Dermato-Endocrinology · doi:10.4161/derm.19201 · Cited by 10
Shikina, S., Chung, Y.-J., Chiu, Y., Huang, Y., Lee, Y., & Chang, C. (2016) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.02.006 · Cited by 10
Canonical and Noncanonical Androgen Metabolism and Activity
Storbeck, K., & Mostaghel, E. A. (2019) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_11 · Cited by 10
Liu, X., Piao, Y.-S., & Arnold, J. T. (2011) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgr206 · Cited by 9
Hoque, A. M., Yao, S., Till, C., Kristal, A. R., Goodman, P. J., Hsing, A. W., Tangen, C. M., Platz, E. A., Stanczyk, F. Z., Reichardt, J. K. V., et al. (2015) · Urology · doi:10.1016/j.urology.2014.11.024 · Cited by 9
Effects of Steroidal Antiandrogen or 5-alpha-reductase Inhibitor on Prostate Tissue Hormone Content
Shibata, Y., Arai, S., Miyazawa, Y., Shuto, T., Nomura, M., Sekine, Y., Koike, H., Matsui, H., Ito, K., & Suzuki, K. (2017) · The Prostate · doi:10.1002/pros.23315 · Cited by 9
Kao, W.-H., Chiu, K., Tsai, S. C., Teng, C. J., Oner, M., Lai, C., Hsieh, J., Lin, C., Wang, H., Chen, M., et al. (2024) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167568 · Cited by 8
Kenmogne, L. C., Roy, J., Maltais, R., Rouleau, M., Neveu, B., Pouliot, F., & Poirier, D. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0171871 · Cited by 8
Bratoeff, E., Zambrano, A., Heuze, I., Palacios, A., Ramírez, D. A. R., & Cabeza, M. (2009) · Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.3109/14756360903179401 · Cited by 7
Lee, S. H., Choi, M. H., Lee, W., & Chung, B. C. (2010) · Mass Spectrometry Letters · doi:10.5478/msl.2010.1.1.029 · Cited by 7
McSweeney, S. T., Bergom, H. E., Prizment, A. E., Halabi, S., Sharifi, N., Ryan, C. J., & Hwang, J. H. (2022) · Endocrine Oncology · doi:10.1530/eo-22-0058 · Cited by 7
The mouse as a model to investigate sex steroid metabolism in the normal and pathological prostate
McNamara, K. M., Handelsman, D. J., & Simanainen, U. (2011) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.10.009 · Cited by 7
Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer: New Twists for an Old Pathway
Feng, J., & Zheng, S. (2012) · Journal of Steroids & Hormonal Science · doi:10.4172/2157-7536.s2-001 · Cited by 7
Titus, M. A., Zeithaml, B., Kantor, B., Li, X., Haack, K., Moore, D. T., Wilson, E. M., Mohler, J. L., & Kafri, T. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030192 · Cited by 6
Upmanyu, N., Bulldan, A., Failing, K., & Scheiner‐Bobis, G. (2019) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118600 · Cited by 6
Mitsuizumi, H., & Mori, S. (2021) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01751 · Cited by 6
Steroidal 5α-reductase inhibitors using 4-androstenedione as substrate
Cabeza, M., Trejo, K. V., González, C., García, P., Soriano, J., Heuze, Y., & Bratoeff, E. (2011) · Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.3109/14756366.2010.548330 · Cited by 5
Smith, J. W., Ford, N. A., Thomas‐Ahner, J. M., Moran, N. E., Bolton, E. C., Wallig, M. A., Clinton, S. K., & Erdman, J. W. (2016) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00261.2016 · Cited by 5
Parsons, T. K., Pratt, R. N., Tang, L., & Wu, Y. (2018) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2018.06.009 · Cited by 5
Androgen action on myogenesis throughout the lifespan; comparison with neurogenesis
Barsky, S. T., & Monks, D. A. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101101 · Cited by 6
Enríquez, J., Larrea, F., Santillán, R., Hernández, A. J. A., Herrero, B., Pérez‐Palacios, G., & Lemus, A. E. (2013) · Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1515/hmbci-2012-0035 · Cited by 4
Poirier, D., Maltais, R., Rousseau, J. A., Roy, J., Phoenix, S., Cortés‐Benítez, F., & Lecomte, R. (2022) · Bioorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106145 · Cited by 4
Quanson, J. L. (2015) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University) · Cited by 4
Kolli, P. K., Obbalareddy, S., Yejella, R. P., Athili, L. D., & Ponnada, S. (2022) · International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry · doi:10.33289/ijrpc.12.3.2022.12(39 · Cited by 3
Suzuki, H., Ozaki, Y., Gen, K., & Kazeto, Y. (2020) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113685 · Cited by 3
Tan, R., Silberstein, J. L., & Hellstrom, W. J. G. (2014) · Sexual Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1002/smrj.29 · Cited by 3
Campbell, T. J., Tindall, D. J., & Figg, W. D. (2012) · Cancer Biology & Therapy · doi:10.4161/cbt.19608 · Cited by 3
Phytoestrogens and their Potential Role in Prostate Cancer Prevention and Treatment
Kolukula, S., & Anderson, R. J. (2011) · Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy · doi:10.4172/1948-5956.s1-002 · Cited by 3
Zhang, W., Li, T., & Lin, S. (2019) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105559 · Cited by 4
Vicker, N., Bailey, H. V., Day, J. M., Mahon, M. F., Smith, A., Tutill, H. J., Purohit, A., & Potter, B. V. L. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26237166 · Cited by 3
Kruchten, P. (2009) · Publications of the UdS (Saarland University) · doi:10.22028/d291-22614 · Cited by 2
Effect of intravaginal dehydroepiandrosterone treatment on the endometrium
Stanczyk, F. Z. (2015) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000000558 · Cited by 2
Wikvall, K., Olsson, F., Wåhlén, E., Roy, A., Ubhayasekera, S. J. K. A., Bergquist, J., & Norlin, M. (2026) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2026.106116 · Cited by 1
Paradigm Shift in the Concept of Hormonal Milieu of Prostate Cancer
Nishiyama, T. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/25625 · Cited by 1
Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Advanced Prostate Cancer
Hammerer, P., & Manka, L. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42623-5_77 · Cited by 1
González, D. D. L. M., Rojas-Durán, F., Aranda-Abreu, G. E., Ramos-Morales, F. R., Limón, A. M. V., & Suárez-Medellín, J. M. (2023) · eNeurobiología · doi:10.25009/eb.v14i35.2622 · Cited by 1
Pomari, E. (2011) · Padua Research Archive (University of Padova)
Testosterone Measurement and Prostate Cancer
Hajdinjak, T. (2013) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/52525
The role of the prostate in androgen metabolism
Olsson, M. J. (2009) · Figshare
Circulating steroid hormones in prostate carcinogenesis. Part 1 – Androgens
Fiet, J., & Giton, F. (2010) · Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1515/hmbci.2010.040
Pharmacogenetics of the Androgen Metabolic Pathway
Marques, F. Z., & Reichardt, J. K. V. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-829-4_10
Alekseev, B. Y., & Андрианов, А. Н. (2014) · Oncourology (Russian Society of Oncourologists) · doi:10.17650/1726-9776-2013-9-1-68-73
Local Control of Steroid Hormone Biosynthesis
Hofland, J. (2012) · EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam)
Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer: New Twists for an Old
Zheng, S., Liu, W., Isaacs, W. B., & Xu, J. (2011)
THE ROLE OF 5-ALPHA REDUCTASE 3 IN STEROID METABOLISM
Mitri, Z. I. (2016) · Digital Commons-TMC (Texas Medical Center)
THE ROLE OF 5-ALPHA REDUCTASE 3 IN STEROID METABOLISM
Gsbs, U. (2016)
Évaluation biologique in vitro d'inhibiteurs de la stéroïde sulfatase ayant un effet SERM
Ouellet, C. (2013) · Corpus Université Laval (Université Laval)
Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Advanced Prostate Cancer
Hammerer, P., & Manka, L. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42603-7_77-1
Characteristics Of Androgen Metabolism In Prostate Diseases
Roussev, B. H., & Galunska, B. T. (2018) · Varna Medical Forum · doi:10.14748/vmf.v7i2.5137
(2009) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0b013e32832c937e
Roy, J., Fournier, M.-A., Maltais, R., Kenmogne, L. C., & Poirier, D. (2015) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.08.014
Masiutin, M., & Yadav, M. (2023) · WikiJournal of Medicine · doi:10.15347/wjm/2023.003
Honour, J. W. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818124-9.00016-4
Carotenoid metabolism in mice and prostate cancer risk
Ford, N. A. (2011) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)
Pagoni, M. N., Cava, C., Tsangaris, G. T., Siannis, F., & Drakoulis, N. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers18010058
Nikolaeva, V., Sviridov, A. V., Karpov, M. V., Timakova, T. A., Шутов, А. А., Фокина, В. В., & Donova, M. V. (2026) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.1134/s0006297926602716
BindingDB Entry 8164: Steroidal 5α-reductase inhibitors using 4-androstenedione as substrate.
BindingDB (2017) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q25719xs
Heráček, J., Gaduš, L., Horenitzky, M., Novàkovâ, M., Škodová, T., Kolátorová, L., Varausova, A., Lukášková, A., & Vítků, J. (2026) · The Prostate · doi:10.1002/pros.70273
Metadata
- Authors
- Luu-The, V., Bélanger, A., & Labrie, F.
- Affiliations
- Université Laval (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Luu-The, Van
- Venue
- Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 207-221
- ISSN
- 1521-690X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2007245161
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 2.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Keywords
- androgen production, dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, human prostate, 5α-reduction, 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 3alpha-diol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone, 4-androstenedione, steroidogenic enzymes, prostate cancer
- MeSH terms
- Androgens, Animals, Humans, Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases, Male, Models, Biological, Oxidoreductases, Prostate, Dihydrotestosterone, Testosterone, Biosynthetic Pathways
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review