Pituitary incidentalomas.
Abstract
Clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas range from being completely asymptomatic, and therefore being detected either at autopsy or as incidental findings on head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans performed for other reasons (often referred to as 'pituitary incidentalomas'), to causing significant hypothalamic/pituitary dysfunction and visual field compromise due to their large size. Patients with pituitary incidentalomas should all be screened for hypersecretion (prolactin (PRL), IGF-1, midnight salivary cortisol), and those with macroadenomas should also be screened for hypopituitarism (macroadenomas) and for visual field defects if the tumour abuts the optic chiasm. Growth of non-functioning pituitary adenomas without treatment occurs in about 10% of microadenomas and 24% of macroadenomas. In the absence of hypersecretion, hypopituitarism or visual field defects, patients may be followed up by periodic screening by MRI for enlargement. Growth of a pituitary incidentaloma is an indication for surgery.
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No data are available on the prevalence of subclinical ACTH hypersecretion in patients with pituitary incidentalomas.
“However, no data are available regarding the prevalence of subclinical ACTH hypersecretion in patients with pituitary incidentalomas (92).”
From Diagnosis and Treatment of Subclinical Hypercortisolism (2011) · cites this paper as [92]
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- Authors
- Molitch, M. E.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Molitch, Mark E.
- ORCID
- Molitch, Mark E.
- Venue
- Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-10
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 667-675
- ISSN
- 1521-690X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W204514890
- Cited by
- 155
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 1.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Advances
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Adrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors
- Keywords
- pituitary incidentaloma, non-functioning pituitary adenoma, prolactinoma, insulin-like growth factor I, hypopituitarism, visual field defects, tumor surveillance, surgical indications
- MeSH terms
- Adenoma, Algorithms, Autopsy, Continuity of Patient Care, Diagnostic Techniques, Endocrine, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Pituitary Diseases, Pituitary Neoplasms, Prevalence, Incidental Findings
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