Diagnosis and complications of Cushing’s syndrome: a consensus statement
Open accessAbstract
In October 2002, a workshop was held in Ancona, Italy, to reach a Consensus on the management of Cushing's syndrome. The workshop was organized by the University of Ancona and sponsored by the Pituitary Society, the European Neuroendocrine Association, and the Italian Society of Endocrinology. Invited international participants included almost 50 leading endocrinologists with specific expertise in the management of Cushing's syndrome. The consensus statement on diagnostic criteria and the diagnosis and treatment of complications of this syndrome reached at the workshop is hereby summarized.
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Controlling hypercortisolism is the first step toward improving glucose metabolism in endogenous Cushing syndrome, but different treatments may affect diabetes outcome regardless of how well cortisol excess is corrected.
“Controlling hypercortisolism is the first step toward improving glucose metabolism in patients with endogenous CS, but different treatments for hypercortisolism may affect the outcome of diabetes, regardless of how well cortisol excess is corrected (, , , , , , ).”
From Glucose Metabolism Abnormalities in Cushing Syndrome: From Molecular Basis to Clinical Management (2017) · cites this paper as [1]
Low-dose dexamethasone suppression testing has been used to diagnose subclinical hypercortisolism without advantages, except possibly in patients with alcoholism, psychiatric disorders, or diabetes.
“Similarly, LDDST has been used to diagnose SH (18,40,41,55) without advantages, with the exception of patients affected with alcoholism, psychiatric disorders, and diabetes in whom this test may be more accurate (1,14,66).”
From Diagnosis and Treatment of Subclinical Hypercortisolism (2011) · cites this paper as [66]
Higher dexamethasone doses of 3 or 8 mg did not show better performance for diagnosing subclinical hypercortisolism.
“some authors have proposed higher (3 or 8 mg) dexamethasone doses (40,46,54,56), which however did not show a better performance (14,23,66).”
From Diagnosis and Treatment of Subclinical Hypercortisolism (2011) · cites this paper as [66]
ACTH levels above 20 pg/ml or below 10 pg/ml suggest an ACTH-dependent or ACTH-independent cause of subclinical hypercortisolism, respectively.
“In particular, ACTH levels above 20 pg/ml (4.4 pmol/liter) or below 10 pg/ml (2.2 pmol/liter) suggest an ACTH-dependent or -independent cause of SH, respectively (66).”
From Diagnosis and Treatment of Subclinical Hypercortisolism (2011) · cites this paper as [66]
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- Authors
- Arnaldi, G., Angeli, A., Atkinson, A. B., Bertagna, X., Cavagnini, F., Chrousos, G. P., Fava, G. A., Findling, J. W., Gaillard, R. C., Grossman, A. B., Kola, B., Lacroix, A., Mancini, T., Mantero, F., Newell-Price, J., Nieman, L. K., Sonino, N., Vance, M. L., Giustina, A., & Boscaro, M.
- Affiliations
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche (IT)
- University of Turin (IT)
- Royal Victoria Hospital (GB)
- Inserm (FR)
- University of Milan (IT)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of Bologna (IT)
- Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center (US)
- St Bartholomew's Hospital (GB)
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CA)
- University of Padua (IT)
- Northern General Hospital (GB)
- University of Virginia Health System (US)
- University of Brescia (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Arnaldi, G.
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2003-12
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 5593-5602
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2061962280
- Cited by
- 1,362
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 103 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 73 · 2014: 74 · 2013: 71 · 2012: 69
- FWCI
- 26.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- Nova Science Publishers (Nova Science Publishers, Inc.) (submittedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- INFM-OAR (INFN Catania) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Adrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Electrolyte and hormonal disorders
- Keywords
- Cushing's syndrome, diagnostic criteria, hypercortisolism, complication treatment, consensus statement
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cognition Disorders, Cushing Syndrome, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Osteoporosis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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