The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Conditions and drugs interfering with thyroxine absorption
Abstract
Food, dietary fibre and espresso coffee interfere with the absorption of levothyroxine. Malabsorptive disorders reported to affect the absorption of levothyroxine include coeliac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, lactose intolerance as well as Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and atrophic gastritis. Many commonly used drugs, such as bile acid sequestrants, ferrous sulphate, sucralfate, calcium carbonate, aluminium-containing antacids, phosphate binders, raloxifene and proton-pump inhibitors, have also been shown to interfere with the absorption of levothyroxine.
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In the citing paper
“The ingestion of one or more of these at, or close to, the time of levothyroxine dosing can significantly change the dose requirement in individual patients, especially when done regularly [49].”
From Diagnosis and management of treatment-refractory hypothyroidism: an expert consensus report (2017) · cites this paper as [49]
In the citing paper
“Failing to observe a minimum interval of 30 min before having breakfast after administering the LT4 dose, 33 or consuming it not solely with water, but alongside another beverage, [34][35][36][37] are circumstances that may impede the absorption of LT4.”
From Refractory hypothyroidism: unraveling the complexities of diagnosis and management (2023) · cites this paper as [35]
Citations
Cites
Thyroxine in Goiter, Helicobacter pylori Infection, and Chronic Gastritis
Centanni, M., Gargano, L., Canettieri, G., Viceconti, N., Franchi, A., Fave, G. D., & Annibale, B. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa043903 · Cited by 329
Ferrous sulfate reduces thyroxine efficacy in patients with hypothyroidism
Campbell, N. R. C., Hasinoff, B. B., Stalts, H., Rao, B., & Wong, N. C. W. (1992) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-117-12-1010 · Cited by 231
Simultaneous Measurement of Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine Peripheral Turnover Kinetics in Man
Nicoloff, J. T., LOW, J. C., Dussault, J. H., & Fisher, D. A. (1972) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci106835 · Cited by 221
Effect of calcium carbonate on the absorption of levothyroxine
Singh, N. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.283.21.2822 · Cited by 219
Altered intestinal absorption of L-thyroxine caused by coffee
Benvenga, S., Bartolone, L., Pappalardo, M. A., Russo, A., Lapa, D., Giorgianni, G., Saraceno, G., & Trimarchi, F. (2008) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2007.0222 · Cited by 191
Delayed Intestinal Absorption of Levothyroxine
BENVENGA, S., BARTOLONE, L., SQUADRITO, S., GIUDICE, F. L., & TRIMARCHI, F. (1995) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.1995.5.249 · Cited by 156
Aspects of the absorption of oral L-thyroxine in normal man
Wenzel, K. W., & Kirschsieper, H. E. (1977) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(77)90121-4 · Cited by 151
The influence of cholestyramine on thyroxine absorption
Northcutt, R. C. (1969) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1969.03160100047012 · Cited by 144
Liel, Y., Harman-Boehm, I., & Shany, S. (1996) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.81.2.8636317 · Cited by 129
Sachmechi, I., Reich, D. M., Aninyei, M., Wibowo, F., Gupta, G., & Kim, P. J. (2007) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep.13.4.345 · Cited by 112
Cited by
Sorted by citations
2013 ETA Guideline: Management of Subclinical Hypothyroidism
Pearce, S. H. S., Brabant, G., Duntas, L. H., Monzani, F., Peeters, R. P., Razvi, S., & Wemeau, J.-L. (2013) · European Thyroid Journal · doi:10.1159/000356507 · Cited by 877
Soy, Soy Foods and Their Role in Vegetarian Diets
Rizzo, G., & Baroni, L. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10010043 · Cited by 536
Pitfalls in the measurement and interpretation of thyroid function tests
Koulouri, O., Moran, C., Halsall, D., Chatterjee, K., & Gurnell, M. (2013) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2013.10.003 · Cited by 282
Treatment with thyroid hormone
Biondi, B., & Wartofsky, L. (2014) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2013-1083 · Cited by 259
Overt and Subclinical Hypothyroidism
Khandelwal, D., & Tandon, N. (2011) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/11598070-000000000-00000 · Cited by 204
Metadata
- Authors
- Liwanpo, L., & Hershman, J. M.
- Affiliations
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Liwanpo, Llanyee
- Venue
- Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-12
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 781-792
- ISSN
- 1521-690X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2073346341
- Cited by
- 222
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 1.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- levothyroxine, drug interactions, dietary fiber, espresso, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, lactose intolerance, Helicobacter pylori infection, atrophic gastritis, bile acid sequestrants, ferrous sulfate, sucralfate, calcium carbonate, phosphate binders, raloxifene, proton pump inhibitors
- MeSH terms
- Aluminum Hydroxide, Animals, Antacids, Biological Availability, Calcium Carbonate, Celiac Disease, Coffee, Dietary Fiber, Drug Interactions, Female, Food, Gastritis, Atrophic, Humans, Intestinal Absorption, Lactose Intolerance, Malabsorption Syndromes, Thyroxine, Helicobacter Infections
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