Cited by 655Thyroid Disorders and TreatmentsThyroid Cancer Diagnosis and TreatmentThyroid and Parathyroid Surgery

Hashimotos' thyroiditis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinic and therapy

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Ragusa, Francesca, Fallahi, Poupak, Elia, Giusy, Gonnella, Debora, Paparo, Sabrina Rosaria, Giusti, Claudia, Churilov, Leonid P., Ferrari, Silvia Martina +1 more·2019·Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

Abstract

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), the most frequent autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITDs), is the leading cause of hypothyroidism in the iodine-sufficient areas of the world. About 20-30% of patients suffers from HT, whose cause is thought to be a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors that causes the loss of immunological tolerance, with a consequent autoimmune attack to the thyroid tissue and appearance of the disease. The pathologic features of lymphocytic infiltration, especially of T cells, and follicular destruction are the histological hallmark of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), that lead to gradual atrophy and fibrosis. An important role in the immune-pathogenesis of AITDs is due to chemokines and cytokines. In about 20% of patients, AITDs are associated with other organ specific/systemic autoimmune disorders. Many studies have demonstrated the relationship between papillary thyroid cancer and AITD. The treatment of hypothyroidism, as result of AIT, consists in daily assumption of synthetic levothyroxine.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.beem.2019.101367

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Authors
Ragusa, F., Fallahi, P., Elia, G., Gonnella, D., Paparo, S. R., Giusti, C., Churilov, L. P., Ferrari, S. M., & Antonelli, A.
Affiliations
  • University of Pisa (IT)
  • St Petersburg University (RU)
Corresponding author
Antonelli, Alessandro
Venue
Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2019-12
Volume
33
Issue
6
Pages
101367
ISSN
1521-690X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2991554478
Cited by
655
References
65
Citations by year
2026: 93 · 2025: 127 · 2024: 141 · 2023: 123 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 1
FWCI
6.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
Keywords
Hashimoto's thyroiditis, autoimmune thyroid disease, hypothyroidism, pathogenesis, genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, immune tolerance, T cell infiltration, chemokines, cytokines, autoimmune disease comorbidity, papillary thyroid carcinoma, levothyroxine therapy, thyroid fibrosis
MeSH terms
Humans, Hypothyroidism, T-Lymphocytes, Thyroiditis, Autoimmune, Thyroxine, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Hormone Replacement Therapy, Hashimoto Disease

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