Cited by 111Protein Tyrosine PhosphatasesProtein Kinase Regulation and GTPase SignalingPI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer

Non-genomic mechanisms of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulation in cancer

Kauko, Otto, Westermarck, Jukka·2018·The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology

Abstract

Propagation of transient signals requires coordinated suppression of antagonistic phosphatase activity. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a broad specificity serine/threonine phosphatase that functions as an antagonist of many signaling pathways associated with growth and proliferation, and endogenous inhibitory mechanisms suppress PP2A activity in response to mitogenic stimuli. These inhibitory mechanisms, including expression and activation of endogenous inhibitor proteins and phosphoregulation of PP2A subunits, are also engaged by aberrant constitutive activation of mitogenic pathways in cancer. Inhibition of PP2A activity has been shown to promote malignant transformation and endogenous inhibitory mechanisms of PP2A have been associated with malignant progression and prognosis in a wide range of cancers. Despite existence of recurrent mutations and other genetic and gene regulatory alterationsin PP2A genes, they collectively appear at relatively low frequency, and in only some cancer types. The non-genomic inhibition of PP2A activity by increased expression of endogenous PP2A inhibitor proteins greatly exceeds the frequency of genetic mutations of PP2A genes in human cancers. This feature makes PP2A an untypical tumor suppressor, and may have influenced its recognition as one of the critical human cell transformation mechanisms. We propose that non-genetic inhibition is the dominant mechanism causing loss of PP2A tumor suppressor function in cancer cells, possibly because these mechanisms do not elicit genomic instability associated with genetic loss of function of specific PP2A subunits.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.01.005

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  • The tumor suppressive role of specific PP2A complexes had been inferred from okadaic acid experiments, in vitro transformation assays, and clinical data, but convincing in vivo data were lacking for some time.

    “Although the tumor suppressive role of specific PP2A complexes had already been inferred for a relatively long time, from experiments with the tumor promotor and pharmacologic PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid [100], from in vitro cell transformation assays in a large variety of epithelial cells [101], and from a plethora of clinical data supporting PP2A dysfunction in many different cancer types [5,102”

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Authors
Kauko, O., & Westermarck, J.
Affiliations
Åbo Akademi University (FI)
Corresponding author
Kauko, Otto
Venue
The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2018-03
Volume
96
Pages
157-164
ISSN
1357-2725 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2789409174
Cited by
111
References
160
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7
FWCI
1.22
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
Keywords
protein phosphatase 2A, PP2A inhibitors, tumor suppressor function, cancer, mitogenic signaling, malignant transformation, genomic instability
MeSH terms
Animals, Humans, Mitosis, Neoplasm Proteins, Neoplasms, Signal Transduction, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Protein Phosphatase 2

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