Cited by 299Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource ManagementLand Use and Ecosystem ServicesWildlife Ecology and Conservation

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Interactions between protected areas and their surroundings in human-dominated tropical landscapes

DeFries, Ruth, Karanth, Krithi K., Pareeth, Sajid·2010·Biological Conservation

DOI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.02.010

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Abstract

Protected areas (PAs) often depend on landscapes surrounding them to maintain flows of organisms, water, nutrients, and energy. Park managers have little authority over the surrounding landscape although land use change and infrastructure development can have major impacts on the integrity of a PA. The need for scientifically-based regional-scale land use planning around protected areas is acute in human-dominated landscapes to balance conservation goals with livelihood needs for fuelwood, fodder, and other ecosystem services. As a first step, we propose the designation of a “zone of interaction” (ZOI) around PAs that encompasses hydrologic, ecological, and socioeconomic interactions between a PA and the surrounding landscape. We illustrate the concept by delineating the ZOI in three Indian PAs - Kanha, Ranthambore, and Nagarahole - using remote sensing, population census, and field data. The ZOI in Ranthambore is three times the size of the park and is largely defined by the socioeconomic interactions with surrounding villages. Ranthambore is located in headwaters and wildlife corridors are largely severed. In Nagarahole, the ZOI is more than seven times larger than the park and includes upstream watershed and elephant corridors. Kanha's ZOI is approximately four times larger than the park and is mostly defined by contiguous surrounding forest. The three examples highlight the differing extents of ZOIs when applying equivalent criteria, even though all are located in densely-populated landscapes. Quantitative understanding of which activities (e.g. collection of forest products, grazing, road construction, tourism development) and which locations within the ZOI are most crucial to conservation goals will enable improved land use planning around PAs in human-dominated landscapes.

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“…have the potential to promote ecological isolation and disrupt key ecological processes linking protected habitats with surrounding landscapes and other PAs, including species dispersal, gene flow, and biogeochemical exchanges (Hansen and DeFries 2007, DeFries et al 2010, Laurance et al 2012).”
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Beher, J., & Visconti, P. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.06.04.730078
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“…process, it is necessary to design management strategies within the PAs and the broader landscape context that encompasses their buffers or interaction zones (Williams et al., 2005; DeFries et al., 2010; Ward et al., 2018), aspects often overlooked in many studies (Almeida-Rocha & Peres, 2021).”
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“biodiversity globally; nonetheless, their effectiveness is closely linked to ecological conditions and management of adjacent habitat beyond protected areas (DeFries et al. 2010).”
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Rodrigues, C. J., Pagliosa, P. R., Figueiredo, B. R. S., Lopes, M. D. N., Finotti, A. R., da Silva, A. R., Kós, J. R., dos Santos, S. B., & Leite, N. K. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11224575/v1

Authors: DeFries, R., Karanth, K. K., & Pareeth, S.
Affiliations: Columbia University (US)
Centre For Wildlife Studies (IN)
Corresponding author: DeFries, Ruth
ORCID: DeFries, Ruth
Karanth, Krithi K.
Pareeth, Sajid
Venue: Biological Conservation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-12
Volume: 143
Issue: 12
Pages: 2870-2880
ISSN: 0006-3207 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.02.010
OpenAlex: W2135328819
Cited by: 299
References: 58
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 21
FWCI: 14.13
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Biological Conservation (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
Keywords: protected areas, anthropogenic landscapes, land use planning, ecosystem services, ecological corridors, watershed connectivity, human-wildlife interactions, conservation and livelihoods, Kanha National Park, road construction impacts, tourism development

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Interactions between protected areas and their surroundings in human-dominated tropical landscapes

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